Food Web Bioaccumulation Model for Resident Killer Whales from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean as a Tool for the Derivation of PBDE-Sediment Quality Guidelines
Food Web Bioaccumulation Model for Resident Killer Whales from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean as a Tool for the Derivation of PBDE-Sediment Quality Guidelines
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DOI：
10.1007/s00244-015-0215-y
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Gobas, Frank A. P. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alava, Juan Jose;Ross, Peter S.;Gobas, Frank A. P. C.
由于污染物的积累，包括多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)，东北太平洋的常住虎鲸种群面临危险。为了评估多溴二苯醚在虎鲸关键栖息地的水和沉积物中的影响，我们开发了一个食物网生物积累模型。该模型旨在根据一生暴露在沉积物和水柱中的多溴二苯醚浓度来估计虎鲸体内的多溴二苯醚浓度。计算和观察到的多溴二苯醚浓度超过了海洋哺乳动物体内多溴二苯醚的唯一毒性参考值(1,500微克/千克脂肪)，在南方居留的虎鲸中没有，但在北部的居留的杀人鲸中没有。在南方居民虎鲸体内观察到的多溴二苯醚的时间趋势(1993-2006年)显示，时间翻了一番，为千分之一万分之五。如果加拿大现有的多氯联苯沉积物质量指南适用于多溴二苯醚，则可以预期，虎鲸体内的多溴二苯醚浓度将大大超过现有的毒性参考值。模型计算表明，沉积物中多溴二苯醚浓度约为1.0微克/千克干重时，在居留虎鲸中产生的多溴二苯醚浓度低于目前95%种群的毒性参考值，该值可作为以管理为基础的方法减少多溴二苯醚对杀人鲸健康风险的预防性基准。食物网生物积累模型可能是一种有用的风险管理工具，支持对虎鲸的监管保护。
Resident killer whale populations in the NE Pacific Ocean are at risk due to the accumulation of pollutants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). To assess the impact of PBDEs in water and sediments in killer whale critical habitat, we developed a food web bioaccumulation model. The model was designed to estimate PBDE concentrations in killer whales based on PBDE concentrations in sediments and the water column throughout a lifetime of exposure. Calculated and observed PBDE concentrations exceeded the only toxicity reference value available for PBDEs in marine mammals (1500 mu g/kg lipid) in southern resident killer whales but not in northern resident killer whales. Temporal trends (1993-2006) for PBDEs observed in southern resident killer whales showed a doubling time of a parts per thousand 5 years. If current sediment quality guidelines available in Canada for polychlorinated biphenyls are applied to PBDEs, it can be expected that PBDE concentrations in killer whales will exceed available toxicity reference values by a large margin. Model calculations suggest that a PBDE concentration in sediments of approximately 1.0 mu g/kg dw produces PBDE concentrations in resident killer whales that are below the current toxicity reference value for 95 % of the population, with this value serving as a precautionary benchmark for a management-based approach to reducing PBDE health risks to killer whales. The food web bioaccumulation model may be a useful risk management tool in support of regulatory protection for killer whales.