Identifying stride-to-stride control strategies in human treadmill walking.
Identifying stride-to-stride control strategies in human treadmill walking.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0124879
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cusumano JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dingwell JB;Cusumano JP
变异性在人类运动中无处不在，它来自于内部和外部噪声、固有的生物冗余以及有助于调节运动波动的神经生理控制动作。增加的步行可变性可导致增加的能量成本和/或增加的跌倒风险。相反，生物噪声可能是有益的，甚至是必要的，以提高运动性能。事实上，鼓励更多的可变性实际上有助于某些形式的运动康复的更大改善。因此，确定人类用于调节步行中步幅波动的基本原则至关重要。这项研究试图确定人类如何调节在跑步机行走过程中步进运动的步幅波动。我们开发了基于预定义目标函数的计算模型，以比较受试者从每一步到下一步，是否试图保持与跑步机相同的速度，或者在跑步机上保持相同的位置。这两种策略预测的平均行为经验上无法区分彼此和人类。然而，这些策略预测了非常不同的步幅波动动态。与实验数据的比较表明，人类的步进运动一般预测的速度控制模型，但不是由位置控制模型。人类受试者也没有表现出任何迹象，他们只是间歇性地纠正绝对位置的偏差：即，更接近跑步机的边界。因此，人类显然不会采用主要目标是在跑步机上保持恒定绝对位置的控制策略。相反，人类似乎以一种最符合策略的方式来调节他们的步进运动，该策略的主要目标是试图在每个连续的步幅保持与跑步机相同的速度。这些发现对于理解生物系统如何调节行走以及能够利用这些机制来开发更有效的康复干预措施以改善运动表现都具有重要意义。
Variability is ubiquitous in human movement, arising from internal and external noise, inherent biological redundancy, and from the neurophysiological control actions that help regulate movement fluctuations. Increased walking variability can lead to increased energetic cost and/or increased fall risk. Conversely, biological noise may be beneficial, even necessary, to enhance motor performance. Indeed, encouraging more variability actually facilitates greater improvements in some forms of locomotor rehabilitation. Thus, it is critical to identify the fundamental principles humans use to regulate stride-to-stride fluctuations in walking. This study sought to determine how humans regulate stride-to-stride fluctuations in stepping movements during treadmill walking. We developed computational models based on pre-defined goal functions to compare if subjects, from each stride to the next, tried to maintain the same speed as the treadmill, or instead stay in the same position on the treadmill. Both strategies predicted average behaviors empirically indistinguishable from each other and from that of humans. These strategies, however, predicted very different stride-to-stride fluctuation dynamics. Comparisons to experimental data showed that human stepping movements were generally well-predicted by the speed-control model, but not by the position-control model. Human subjects also exhibited no indications they corrected deviations in absolute position only intermittently: i.e., closer to the boundaries of the treadmill. Thus, humans clearly do not adopt a control strategy whose primary goal is to maintain some constant absolute position on the treadmill. Instead, humans appear to regulate their stepping movements in a way most consistent with a strategy whose primary goal is to try to maintain the same speed as the treadmill at each consecutive stride. These findings have important implications both for understanding how biological systems regulate walking in general and for being able to harness these mechanisms to develop more effective rehabilitation interventions to improve locomotor performance.
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