Disability Orientation of Occupational Therapy Practitioners in Physical Rehabilitation Settings: Tension Between Medical and Social Models in Theory and Practice.
Disability Orientation of Occupational Therapy Practitioners in Physical Rehabilitation Settings: Tension Between Medical and Social Models in Theory and Practice.
复制标题
物理康复机构中职业治疗从业者的残疾取向：理论与实践中医学模式与社会模式之间的紧张关系。
DOI：
10.5014/ajot.2021.042986
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Adina Maeir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Holler;I. Chemla;Adina Maeir
重要性
到目前为止，很少有人知道在何种程度上职能治疗从业者采用了残疾研究的核心见解。
目的
探讨职能治疗从业者在理论和实践中对残疾的医学模型与残疾的社会模型的认可程度。
设计
横断面研究。
设置
身体康复设施，从医院到社区。
参与者
102名以色列职业治疗师。成果和措施：为本研究构建的残疾取向量表有两个维度，区分残疾的医学和社会模型：干预地点（人或环境）和客户参与（从业者在康复过程中培养客户自主性的程度）。）。每一个层面都涉及理论和实践的认可。
结果
更大的支持残疾的社会模式是最明显的客户端参与维度，而支持残疾的医疗模式是最明显的干预维度的轨迹。在这两个方面，残疾的医学模式在实践中比在理论上得到更多的认可。研究发现，工作环境和先前接触残疾的社会模式会影响从业者的残疾取向。
结论和相关性
从事物理康复工作的职业治疗从业者仍然远远没有完全接受残疾社会模型的重要见解。当考虑到他们的实际做法而不是他们的理论观点时，以及当康复发生在家庭外环境时，这一发现尤其相关。这篇文章补充说：这项研究提供了独特的见解残疾取向的职业治疗从业人员，需要更多的培训计划，让学生接触残疾的社会模式。这些计划应该使用批判性的讨论，这种模式给专业带来的挑战和在实践中实施它的障碍。
IMPORTANCE
To date, little is known about the extent to which occupational therapy practitioners have adopted the core insights of disability studies.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the degree to which occupational therapy practitioners endorse the medical model of disability versus the social model of disability in theory and in practice.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Physical rehabilitation facilities, ranging from hospital to community settings.
PARTICIPANTS
One hundred two Israeli occupational therapy practitioners. Outcomes and Measures: The Orientation toward Disability Scale, constructed for this study, has two dimensions that distinguish between the medical and social models of disability: locus of intervention (the person or environment) and client involvement (extent to which the practitioner fosters the client's autonomy in the rehabilitation process). Each dimension addresses both theoretical and practical endorsements.
RESULTS
Greater support for the social model of disability was mostly evident in the client involvement dimension, whereas support for the medical model of disability was mostly evident in the locus of intervention dimension. Over both dimensions, the medical model of disability was significantly more endorsed in practice than in theory. Work setting and prior exposure to the social model of disability were found to affect practitioners' disability orientation.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Occupational therapy practitioners working in physical rehabilitation are still relatively far from fully adopting the critical insights of the social model of disability. This finding is especially relevant when their actual practice, rather than their theoretical views, is considered and when rehabilitation takes place in out-of-home settings. What This Article Adds: This study offers unique insight into the disability orientation of occupational therapy practitioners, showing a need for more training programs to expose students to the social model of disability. These programs should use critical discussions of the challenges that this model presents to the profession and barriers to implementing it in practice.