When does repeated search in scenes involve memory? Looking at versus looking for objects in scenes.
When does repeated search in scenes involve memory? Looking at versus looking for objects in scenes.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0024147
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发表时间：
2012-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wolfe JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Võ ML;Wolfe JM
人们可能会认为，熟悉一个场景或以前遇到过嵌入在场景中的对象将有利于随后对这些项目的搜索。然而，在一系列的实验中，我们发现情况并非如此：当参与者被要求随后在同一场景中搜索多个对象时，搜索性能在搜索过程中基本保持不变，尽管场景熟悉度增加。同样，在预览过程中，包括字母搜索、30秒的自由观看，甚至30秒的记忆场景，也不利于以后对相同对象的搜索，但是，当再次搜索相同对象时，尽管有许多不同的搜索，但前一次搜索的记忆能够产生非常大的搜索速度。当先前的搜索活动是活跃的而不是由线索支持时，情况尤其如此。虽然这些搜索益处说明了当重复相同的搜索目标时记忆引导搜索的强度，但在初始对象搜索期间缺乏记忆引导-尽管先前遇到过目标对象-证明了在现实世界搜索中通用场景知识的指导的主导地位。
One might assume that familiarity with a scene or previous encounters with objects embedded in a scene would benefit subsequent search for those items. However, in a series of experiments we show that this is not the case: When participants were asked to subsequently search for multiple objects in the same scene, search performance remained essentially unchanged over the course of searches despite increasing scene familiarity. Similarly, looking at target objects during previews, which included letter search, 30 seconds of free viewing, or even 30 seconds of memorizing a scene, also did not benefit search for the same objects later on. However, when the same object was searched for again memory for the previous search was capable of producing very substantial speeding of search despite many different intervening searches. This was especially the case when the previous search engagement had been active rather than supported by a cue. While these search benefits speak to the strength of memory-guided search when the same search target is repeated, the lack of memory guidance during initial object searches – despite previous encounters with the target objects - demonstrates the dominance of guidance by generic scene knowledge in real-world search.
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