The enzymology of nitric oxide in bacterial pathogenesis and resistance
The enzymology of nitric oxide in bacterial pathogenesis and resistance
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DOI：
10.1042/bst0361149
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Crane, Brian R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crane, Brian R.
哺乳动物一氧化氮合酶（nos）是一种基于血液的单加氧酶，它将氨基酸精氨酸氧化为细胞内信号和保护性细胞毒素一氧化氮（NO）。大多数革兰氏阳性细菌的某些菌株含有哺乳动物NOS催化结构域的同源物，当提供合适的还原剂时，它们可以充当NOS。细菌NOS与底物和血红配体的晶体学分析揭示了NOS家族和细菌蛋白质特有的组装和活性中心化学的重要特征。从嗜热细菌中提取的NOS反应缓慢，特别是稳定的血氧物质，为NOS反应中间体的研究提供了便利。在功能上，细菌NOSs与哺乳动物NOSs不同。在某些链霉菌菌株中，它们参与植物毒素的生物合成硝化作用。在耐辐射细菌耐辐射球菌中，NOSs也可能参与生物合成硝化反应，但此外，似乎在紫外线辐射损伤的恢复中发挥重要作用。
mammalian NOSs (nitric oxide synthases) are haem-based monoxygenases that oxidize the amino acid arginine to the intracellular signal and protective cytotoxin nitric oxide (NO). Certain strains of mostly Gram-positive bacteria contain homologues of the mammalian NOS catalytic domain that can act as NOSs when suitable reductants are supplied. Crystallographic analyses of bacterial NOSs, with substrates and haem-ligands, have disclosed important features of assembly and active-centre chemistry, both general to the NOS family and specific to the bacterial proteins. The slow reaction profiles and especially stable haem-oxygen species of NOSs derived from bacterial thermophiles have facilitated the study of NOS reaction intermediates. Functionally, bacterial NOSs are distinct from their mammalian counterparts. In certain strains of Streptomyces, they participate in the biosynthetic nitration of plant toxins. in the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, NOSs are also likely to be involved in biosynthetic nitration reactions, but, furthermore, appear to play an important role in the recovery from damage induced by UV radiation.