Ontogeny of a symbiont-produced chemical defense in Bugula neritina (Bryozoa)
Ontogeny of a symbiont-produced chemical defense in Bugula neritina (Bryozoa)
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DOI：
10.3354/meps327183
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Lindquist, Niels
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lopanik, Nicole B.;Targett, Nancy M.;Lindquist, Niels
树栖苔藓虫Bugula neritina的幼虫通过被称为苔藓抑素的不美味的次级代谢产物来化学防御捕食者。苔藓抑素是一种聚酮衍生的次级化合物，由细菌共生体“内蛙”产生，它存在于B的所有生命阶段。奈里蒂娜。B幼虫和所有幼龄期的粗提物。Neritina显著降低了鱼类摄食量（P < 0.003）。提取物不适口是由于苔藓抑素浓度高，如B。在幼虫定居和变态后，Neritina的年龄增加，随着苔藓抑素浓度的急剧下降，适口性增加。成年殖民地的育雏部分的提取物减少了显着的54%（p=0.008），而相同的殖民地的非育雏部分的提取物导致在一个非显着的20%的下降喂养（p=0.125）。我们的数据表明，不同的生命阶段的B。neritina采用交替防御策略。的移动的，短命的幼虫和早期的青少年保卫掠食者具有威慑水平的苔藓抑素;相反，年龄较大的青少年和成年人，这是克隆和相对长寿，可能主要是由高水平的结构材料（即甲壳素和碳酸盐）辩护。捕食压力对B的脆弱幼虫阶段。neritina似乎在一定程度上驱动了选择，以发展和维持B之间的共生关系。neritina和Ca.内蛙属sertula，其幼虫通过共生体产生的苔藓抑素进行化学防御。
The larvae of the arborescent bryozoan Bugula neritina are chemically defended against predators by unpalatable secondary metabolites called bryostatins. Bryostatins, polyketidederived secondary compounds, are produced by the bacterial symbiont 'Candidatus Endobugula sertula', which is present throughout all life stages of B. neritina. Crude extracts of larval and all juvenile stages of B. neritina significantly reduced pinfish feeding (p < 0.003). Extract unpalatability is due to high bryostatin concentrations, As B. neritina increases in age after larval settlement and metamorphosis, palatability increases as bryostatin concentrations decrease precipitously. Extracts of brooding portions of adult colonies reduced pinfish feeding by a significant 54% (p=0.008), whereas extracts of non-brooding portions of the same colonies resulted in a non-significant 20% decline in feeding (p=0.125). Our data suggest that the different life stages of B. neritina employ alternate defensive strategies. The mobile, short-lived larvae and early-stage juveniles are defended from predators by having deterrent levels of bryostatins; in contrast, the older juveniles and adults, which are clonal and relatively long-lived, may be defended largely by high levels of structural material (i.e. chitin and carbonate). Predation pressure on the vulnerable larval stage of B. neritina appears in part to have driven selection for the development and maintenance of the symbiotic relationship between B. neritina and Ca. Endobugula sertula whereby the larvae are chemically defended by symbiontproduced bryostatins.