ML-CIRRUS : The airborne experiment on natural cirrus and contrail cirrus with the high-altitude long-range research aircraft HALO
ML-CIRRUS : The airborne experiment on natural cirrus and contrail cirrus with the high-altitude long-range research aircraft HALO
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ML-CIRRUS ：使用高空远程研究飞机 HALO 进行自然卷云和对比卷云的机载实验
DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-15-00213.1
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christiane;Minikin;Andreas;Fütterer;Daniel
中纬度卷云实验（ML-CIRRUS）部署了高空和远程研究飞机（HALO），以获得自然卷云和飞机诱导的尾流卷云的成核、生命周期和气候影响的新见解。对卷云特性及其变化的直接观测仍然不完整，目前限制了我们对云对气候影响的理解。此外，对云和反馈的动力影响在今天的天气预报模式中没有得到充分的体现。在这里，我们介绍了使用德国大气科学界的G-550飞机的ML-CIRRUS的基本原理、目标和精选的科学亮点。第一个结合了HALO的现场遥感云任务，结合了最先进的云探测器、激光雷达和新型冰残留、气溶胶、微量气体和辐射仪器。飞机观测伴随着卫星和地面遥感以及数值模拟。2014年春季，HALO在欧洲上空进行了16次飞行，重点关注由锋系统(包括暖传送带和其他动力系统（急流、山波和对流）诱发的人为尾流卷云和中纬度卷云。ML-CIRRUS的亮点包括：1)对微物理和辐射卷云特性及其在中纬度典型气象条件下的可变性的新观测；2)对原位形成和上升的液体源卷云的发生的深入了解；3)对云预报和卫星产品的验证；4)对尾迹可预测性的评估；5)对尾迹卷云的直接观测及其与自然卷云的区别。因此，ML-CIRRUS提供了一个关于人口密集的欧洲中纬度地区卷云的综合数据集，其范围可以增强我们对卷云及其对气候和天气的作用的理解。
The Midlatitude Cirrus experiment (ML-CIRRUS) deployed the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) to obtain new insights into nucleation, life cycle, and climate impact of natural cirrus and aircraft-induced contrail cirrus. Direct observations of cirrus properties and their variability are still incomplete, currently limiting our understanding of the clouds’ impact on climate. Also, dynamical effects on clouds and feedbacks are not adequately represented in today’s weather prediction models.Here, we present the rationale, objectives, and selected scientific highlights of ML-CIRRUS using the G-550 aircraft of the German atmospheric science community. The first combined in situ–remote sensing cloud mission with HALO united state-of-the-art cloud probes, a lidar and novel ice residual, aerosol, trace gas, and radiation instrumentation. The aircraft observations were accompanied by remote sensing from satellite and ground and by numerical simulations.In spring 2014, HALO performed 16 flights above Europe with a focus on anthropogenic contrail cirrus and midlatitude cirrus induced by frontal systems including warm conveyor belts and other dynamical regimes (jet streams, mountain waves, and convection). Highlights from ML-CIRRUS include 1) new observations of microphysical and radiative cirrus properties and their variability in meteorological regimes typical for midlatitudes, 2) insights into occurrence of in situ–formed and lifted liquid-origin cirrus, 3) validation of cloud forecasts and satellite products, 4) assessment of contrail predictability, and 5) direct observations of contrail cirrus and their distinction from natural cirrus. Hence, ML-CIRRUS provides a comprehensive dataset on cirrus in the densely populated European midlatitudes with the scope to enhance our understanding of cirrus clouds and their role for climate and weather.
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