A gauge-based sub-daily extreme rainfall climatology for western Europe
A gauge-based sub-daily extreme rainfall climatology for western Europe
复制标题
西欧基于仪表的次日极端降雨气候学
DOI：
10.1016/j.wace.2023.100585
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Whitford A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whitford A
在这里，我们提出了第一个极端的次日降雨量的气候学西欧的大部分地区，开发使用一套新开发的次日降雨量指数，来自最近创建的全球次日降雨量（GSDR）数据集。这些指数从强度、频率和时间方面描述了近每日（3小时）的极端降雨量。频率指数分析（降雨量>20 mm的3小时周期数（R3 hr 20 mm））和一套强度指数，包括年最大值（Rx 3 hr）和每个仪表的第99.9百分位值（R99.9p3hr）表明西欧大部分地区夏季短持续降雨极端事件的频率和强度达到峰值，而地中海西北部地区在秋季经历了最高强度和频率的3小时降雨。从3小时的年度最大值的贡献指数（Rx 3 hrP）表明，这些事件往往是由非常短的持续时间或非常高峰风暴，下午晚些时候或傍晚高峰的发生时间的趋势。与极端日降雨量指数相比，亚日极端值的时空发生率也有明显差异，这可能对洪水管理产生影响。对柯本-盖革气候区范围内的次日降雨指数的进一步分析表明，地中海型气候区经历了更强烈和更频繁的次日极端事件，而较冷气候区的降雨强度较低，最强烈的事件仅限于夏季。气候带被认为是一个相对较好的指标，可以预期在一个地区的极端降雨特征。能够以这种方式比较广泛地区的次日降雨特征，大大提高了我们调查未来次日极端变化和变化的能力，并将有助于高分辨率气候模型的验证。
We present here the first climatology of extreme sub-daily rainfall for a large part of western Europe, developed using a newly developed set of sub-daily rainfall indices, derived from a recently created global sub-daily rainfall (GSDR) dataset. The indices describe sub-daily (3-hourly) rainfall extremes in terms of their intensity, frequency and timing. Analysis of the frequency index (number of 3hr periods with >20 mm rain (R3hr20mm)) and a suite of intensity indices including the annual maxima (Rx3hr) and values of the 99.9th percentile at each gauge (R99.9p3hr) indicate a peak in the frequency and intensity of short-duration rainfall extremes in summer across most of western Europe, while areas around the north-west Mediterranean experience the highest intensities and frequencies of 3-hr rainfall in autumn. The index of contribution from 3-h annual maxima to the daily total (Rx3hrP) indicates that these events are often produced by very short-duration or very peaked storms, with a tendency towards a late afternoon or evening peak in the time of occurrence. There are also clear differences in the spatiotemporal occurrence of the sub-daily extremes when compared to extreme daily rainfall indices, which could have repercussions for flood management. Additional analysis of the sub-daily rainfall indices within the context of Köppen-Geiger climate zones indicates Mediterranean-type climate zones experience more intense and more frequent sub-daily extremes, while the intensity of rainfall within cooler climate zones is lower and the most intense events are restricted to summer. The climate zones are found to be a relatively good indicator of the extreme rainfall characteristics that can be expected in a region. Being able to compare sub-daily rainfall characteristics across a wide region in this manner greatly enhances our ability to investigate future variability and change in sub-daily extremes and will aid in high-resolution climate model validation.