Shareholder networks of university spinoff companies: firm development and regional characteristics
Shareholder networks of university spinoff companies: firm development and regional characteristics
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DOI：
10.1080/03075079.2022.2122662
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Daniel Prokop;F. Kitagawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel Prokop;F. Kitagawa
摘要本文通过分析大学分拆在不同时间和不同地区的股东网络的结构特征，有助于理解大学分拆的发展。在理论上，我们提出了一种新的基于阶段的跨地区USO发展类型。在经验上，这项研究利用了英国12个单一地区的87所大学创建的1033个学术分支的样本，考虑到USO发展过程中空间背景的多样性。我们采用“中介中心性”和“结构性漏洞”这两个关键指标，对大学与母校和股东之间的关系进行了社会网络分析。通过使用这种基于网络的跨区域企业发展的新视角，本研究通过识别普遍服务组织发展的三个关键阶段：(1)组织阶段，(2)开发阶段，(3)成熟和重组阶段，建立了普遍服务组织的发展模型。其次，我们观察到，在不同地区背景下，USO在股东网络发展方面存在差异。我们提出了一种新的创业区类型，以更好地理解创业区的不同空间结构：外围锁定、创业外围、刚性核心和创业核心。我们呼吁进行进一步的研究，以捕捉USO的长期发展和可变增长路径。
ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the understanding of university spinoff (USO) development by analysing structural properties of their shareholder networks over time and across different regions. Theoretically, we propose a new stage-based typology of USO development across regions. Empirically, the study utilises a sample of 1033 academic spinoffs founded by 87 universities across 12 unitary regions in the UK considering the diversity of spatial contexts in the USO development. We undertake a social network analysis of relations USOs form with their parent universities and shareholders by adopting ‘betweenness centrality’ and ‘structural holes’ as two key measures. By employing this novel network-based view of firm development across regions, this study builds on the development model of USOs by identifying three key phases of USO development: (1) organisation phase, (2) exploitation phase, and (3) maturity and reorganisation phase. Second, we observe differences in USOs in terms of shareholder network development across diverse regional contexts. We propose a novel typology of entrepreneurial regions to better understand the diverse spatiality of USOs: peripheral lock-in, entrepreneurial periphery, rigid core, and entrepreneurial core. We call for further research to capture the long-term development and variable growth paths of USOs.