Detection and avoidance of an entomopathogenic fungus by a generalist insect predator
Detection and avoidance of an entomopathogenic fungus by a generalist insect predator
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0307-6946.2006.00781.x
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Pell, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meyling, NV;Pell, JK
1. 越来越多的证据表明，昆虫可以根据与自己或后代死亡风险相关的线索来评估它们所处的环境。有关昆虫病原真菌的这种能力的知识有限，而昆虫病原真菌可导致昆虫种群的大量死亡。在实验室生物测定中，研究了多面手捕食者黑花巧蛾（Anthocoris nemorum L.，异翅目：花巧蛾科）对其天敌白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin，子囊菌目：Hypocreales）的检测能力。采用球孢白僵菌分生孢子悬浮液处理和单纯载体（对照）处理，对线虫成虫在选择地和非选择地的觅食行为进行了观察。竞技场由荨麻叶或土壤组成。此外，在荨麻叶子上评估了与未感染的蚜虫或纸球相比，对产孢的荨麻蚜虫尸体的反应行为。在不同的生境中，分别对分生孢子处理和未处理的荨麻叶片进行了产卵试验。雄性和雌性都能发现并避免与接种了球孢白僵菌的叶片表面接触。被迫进入真菌处理过的叶片表面的雌性非常不愿意这样做。与无害的纸球假人相比，当雌性动物遇到带有球孢杆菌的尸体时，它们会迅速撤退。与对照土壤相比，接种球孢白僵菌的土壤对线虫的行为和停留时间没有影响。3 .与球孢白僵菌处理区相比，对照叶区雌蜂产卵量显著增加。所有结果表明，当线虫在与它相适应的寄主植物上觅食时，它能发现并避免病原菌球孢白僵菌，而不是在土壤表面觅食。讨论了昆虫病原真菌检测的适应性意义。
1. Increasing evidence suggests that insects can assess their environment based on cues related to mortality risks to themselves or their offspring. Limited knowledge is available on such abilities in relation to entomopathogenic fungi, which can cause significant mortality in insect populations. In laboratory bioassays, the ability of the generalist predator Anthocoris nemorum L. (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) to detect the presence of its natural enemy, the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) was investigated.2. Behavioural observations were conducted on adults of A. nemorum foraging in choice and non-choice arenas treated with conidia suspensions of B. bassiana or just the carrier (control). The arenas consisted either of nettle leaves or soil. Additionally, behaviours in response to sporulating nettle aphid cadavers compared with uninfected aphids or paper balls were evaluated on nettle leaves. An oviposition experiment was also conducted in choice arenas on conidia-treated and untreated nettle leaves.3. Males and females detected and avoided contact with leaf surfaces inoculated with B. bassiana. Females that were forced to enter fungus-treated leaf surfaces were very reluctant to do so. When females encountered cadavers sporulating with B. bassiana they rapidly withdrew compared with harmless paper ball dummies. Soil inoculated with B. bassiana did not affect A. nemorum behaviour or residence time compared with control soil. Females inserted significantly more eggs in control leaf areas compared with areas treated with B. bassiana conidia.4. All results suggest that A. nemorum detects and avoids the pathogen B. bassiana when it forages on host plants with which it is adapted but not on soil surfaces. The adaptive significance of detection of entomopathogenic fungi is discussed.