Towards solving Darwin's "mystery": Speciation and radiation in lacustrine and riverine freshwater gastropods
Towards solving Darwin's "mystery": Speciation and radiation in lacustrine and riverine freshwater gastropods
复制标题
DOI：
10.4003/006.029.0211
复制
发表时间：
2011-03-31
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Glaubrecht, Matthias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glaubrecht, Matthias
尽管关于物种是什么的长达一个世纪的争论造成了混乱和争议，但物种形成的讨论也不少，即，新的形式和分类群进化的过程，最终导致物种的繁殖。达尔文经常引用“神秘中的神秘”，即，物种的起源，以及由此产生的生物多样性，仍然是当前进化生物学的前沿问题。虽然在大多数情况下，地理分离的异地物种形成仍然被认为是一个重要的机制，但最近很明显（作为一个缓慢而安静的革命），其他解释可能会解释新物种的形成。其中最突出的因素，特别是在适应性辐射的背景下，是生态学与专业化，虽然不一定在同域设置。不幸的是，对于淡水腹足类，我们离真正理解各种物种形成过程（异域与同域）的细节以及自然选择、适应和生态的作用还很远，这些过程导致了最近描述的几个分类群和案例的一系列辐射。对比湖泊和河流环境，我将讨论这些问题的limnic Cerithioidea腹足类，特别是（1）沼泽动物从东非（即，（2）Tylomelania Sarasin和Sarasin，1897，印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛湖泊特有种;（3）Brotia H.亚当斯，1866年在泰国Kaek河流域，和（4）Madagasikara科勒和Glaubrecht，2010年在马达加斯加。随着探索种群和物种遗传结构的分子遗传技术的不断增加，一个谜团已经变得很多，可能的解决方案也成倍增加，因为我们发现了物种到底是什么以及它们如何繁殖的进一步复杂性。
As much as the century-long debate on what species are has created confusion and controversy, not less has speciation been discussed, i.e., the process of how new forms and taxa evolve, ultimately resulting in the multiplication of species. Darwin's often cited "mystery of the mysteries", i.e., the origin of species and, as a consequence, of biological diversity in general, remains at the forefront of current evolutionary biology. While allopatric speciation by geographical separation is still considered an important mechanism in most cases, recently it became evident (as a slow and quiet revolution) that alternative explanations may account for how new species come into being. Among the most prominent factors, particularly in the context of adaptive radiation, is ecology in concert with specialization, albeit not necessarily in a sympatric setting. Unfortunately, for freshwater gastropods we are far away from really understanding the details of the various speciation processes (allopatric versus sympatric) and the role of natural selection, adaptation and ecology that have lead to the array of radiations described recently for several taxa and cases. Contrasting lacustrine and riverine settings, I will discuss these issues for limnic Cerithioidean gastropods, in particular for (1) paludomids from East Africa (i.e., the thalassoid species from Lake Tanganyika and Potadomoides Leloup, 1953 in the Congo River system), (2) pachychilids Tylomelania Sarasin and Sarasin, 1897 endemic to lakes on Sulawesi in Indonesia, (3) Brotia H. Adams, 1866 in the Kaek River drainage in Thailand, and (4) Madagasikara Kohler and Glaubrecht, 2010 on Madagascar. With an increasing armamentarium of molecular genetic techniques for exploring the genetic structure of populations and species, the one mystery has become many, and possible solutions multiplied, as we uncover further complexities in what species really are and how they multiply.