Aggregation of Suspensions by Polyelectrolytes
Aggregation of Suspensions by Polyelectrolytes
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DOI：
10.1021/ie50535a049
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发表时间：
1954-07
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Michaels
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Michaels
在过去的两年中，某些聚电解质引起土壤和其他细颗粒在水溶悬浮液中聚集的能力已经得到了很好的认识（1,3,4,13），但是关于这些试剂起作用的机制的信息相对较少（5,6,9,11）。在他们关于施肥成分的专利中，Mowry和Hedrick(8)列出了60多种被评价为“土壤调节剂”的合成聚电解质。其中，最有效的似乎是至少一种非离子型乙烯基化合物（丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺和醋酸乙烯酯或其水解产物乙烯醇）和至少一种离子型乙烯基化合物（马来酸或丙烯酸的钠、铵或钙盐）的共聚物。由纯离子单体组成的聚合物——例如聚甲基丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠、磺化聚苯乙烯——作为聚集剂似乎相对无效（8,12）。然而，作为聚集剂的功能似乎并不仅限于具有电解质特性的水溶性聚合物。某些淀粉和其他可溶于水的多糖已为此目的使用多年。另一方面，水溶性非离子聚合物，如聚乙烯醇或甲基纤维素，在这方面充其量是较差的试剂。
THE ability of certain polyelectrolytes to cause the aggrega-tion of soils and other finely divided solids in aqueous sus-pension has been well recognized during the past 2 years (1, 3, 4, 13), but comparatively little information (5, 6, 9, 11) has been published on the mechanism by which these reagents function. In their patent on fertilizing compositions, Mowry and Hedrick (8) list over 60 synthetic polyelectrolytes which were evaluated as" soil conditioners.” Of these, the most effective appeared to be copolymers of at least one nonionic vinyl compound (acrylonitrile, acrylamide, and vinyl acetate or its hydrolysis product, vinyl alcohol) and at least one ionic vinyl compound (sodium, ammonium, or calcium salt of maleic or acrylic acid). Polymers composed ofpurely ionicmonomers—eg, sodium polymethacry-late, sodium polyacrylate, sulfonated polystyrene—appear to be comparatively ineffective as aggregants (8, 12). The ability to function as an aggregant does not, however, seem to be exclusively confined to water-soluble polymers with electro-lyte character. Certain starches, and other water-dispersible polysaccharides, have been used for this purpose for many years. On the other hand, water-soluble nonionic polymers such as poly-vinyl alcohol or methylcellulose are at best poor agents for this purpose.