CANCER RISKS FROM ARSENIC IN DRINKING-WATER
CANCER RISKS FROM ARSENIC IN DRINKING-WATER
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DOI：
10.2307/3431362
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发表时间：
1992-07-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
SMITH, MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SMITH, AH;HOPENHAYNRICH, C;SMITH, MT
众所周知，从供水和药物制剂中摄取砷会导致皮肤癌。这里评估的证据表明，砷还会导致肝癌、肺癌、肾癌和膀胱癌，美国供水中的砷造成的人口癌症风险可能与家庭中环境烟草烟雾和氡的风险相当。在台湾井水中砷含量高的地区(170-800亩/L)进行了大规模人口研究，以建立癌症风险与供水中自然存在的无机砷浓度之间的剂量-反应关系。据估计，按照目前环保局50-g/L的标准，每天饮用1名L水，死于肝癌、肺癌、肾癌、膀胱癌的终身风险可能高达每1000人中有13人。据估计，美国可能有超过35万人获得含砷超过50微克/L的水，250多万人可能获得超过25微克/升的水。对于美国的平均砷水平和用水模式，风险估计约为千分之一。虽然还需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现，但应该考虑采取措施降低供水中的砷水平。
Ingestion of arsenic, both from water supplies and medicinal preparations, is known to cause skin cancer. The evidence assessed here indicates that arsenic can also cause liver, lung, kidney, and bladder cancer and that the population cancer risks due to arsenic in U.S. water supplies may be comparable to those from environmental tobacco smoke and radon in homes. Large population studies in an area of Taiwan with high arsenic levels in well water (170-800-mu-g/L) were used to establish dose-response relationships between cancer risks and the concentration of inorganic arsenic naturally present in water supplies. It was estimated that at the current EPA standard of 50-mu-g/L, the lifetime risk of dying from cancer of the liver, lung, kidney, or bladder from drinking 1 L/day of water could be as high as 13 per 1000 persons. It has been estimated that more than 350,000 people in the United States may be supplied with water containing more than 50-mu-g/L arsenic, and more than 2.5 million people may be supplied with water with levels above 25-mu-g/L. For average arsenic levels and water consumption patterns in the United States, the risk estimate was around 1/1000. Although further research is needed to validate these findings, measures to reduce arsenic levels in water supplies should be considered.