Age Trends in Judging Moral Issues: A Review of Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Sequential Studies of the Defining Issues Test
Age Trends in Judging Moral Issues: A Review of Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Sequential Studies of the Defining Issues Test
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判断道德问题的年龄趋势：定义问题测试的横断面、纵向和序贯研究回顾
DOI：
10.2307/1128688
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Stephen Robbins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James R. Rest;M. Davison;Stephen Robbins
休息吧，詹姆斯？马克·戴维森；还有罗宾斯，史蒂文。判断道德问题的年龄趋势：定义问题测试的横断面、纵向和顺序研究综述。儿童发展，1998,4(4):263-279。来自美国各个地区的几千名高中生、大学生和研究生的横断面数据显示，在定义问题测试（DIT）中，按年龄和教育水平分组的结果存在显著差异。成年人的受教育年限比实际年龄表现出更强的正相关关系。纵向研究表明，个体在2年和4年的间隔中，通常表现为低阶段减少，高阶段增加。横断面研究和纵向研究都表明，在成年早期和接受正规教育后，发育普遍处于平台期。连续研究表明，代际效应不能解释年龄趋势。同样，抽样偏差和测试效果似乎不是严重的人为因素。证据支持Kohlberg的道德发展的一般模型和DIT作为评估工具的有效性。
REST, JAMES R.; DAVISON, MARK L.; and ROBBINS, STEVEN. Age Trends in Judging Moral Issues: A Review of Cross-sectional, Longitudinal, and Sequential Studies of the Defining Issues Test. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 263-279. Cross-sectional data on several thousand high school, college, and graduate students from all regions of the United States show striking differences on the Defining Issues Test (DIT) when grouped by age-education level. Adults show stronger positive relationships with years of education than with chronological age. Longitudinal studies show that individuals over 2and 4-year intervals generally show decreases in lower stages and increases in higher stages. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies suggest a general plateau in development in early adulthood and after formal education. Sequential studies indicate that generational effects do not account for age trends. Similarly, sampling biases and testing effects do not seem to be serious artifacts. The evidence supports Kohlberg's general model of moral development and the validity of the DIT as an assessment instrument.