Assessing the redundancy of MADS-box genes during carpel and ovule development
Assessing the redundancy of MADS-box genes during carpel and ovule development
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DOI：
10.1038/nature01741
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发表时间：
2003-07-03
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Yanofsky, MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pinyopich, A;Ditta, GS;Yanofsky, MF
心皮对有性植物繁殖至关重要，因为它们容纳胚珠，随后发育成果实，保护、滋养并最终传播种子。AGAMOUS （AG）基因是植物有性生殖所必需的，因为AG突变花没有雄蕊和心皮(1),(2)。然而，在某些突变背景下，即使在没有AG活性的情况下，萼片也会转化为心皮器官，这表明存在一种不依赖AG的心皮发育途径(2)。AG是MADS-box基因单系分支的成员，该分支包括SHATTERPROOF1 （SHP1）、SHP2和SEEDSTICK (STK)(3)，这表明这四个基因可能共享部分冗余活性。在这里，我们表明SHP基因负责不依赖ag的心皮发育。我们还表明，STK基因是连接发育中的种子和果实的脐带状结构的正常发育所必需的，也是果实成熟时种子传播所必需的。我们进一步表明，在维管植物进化过程中，胚珠是一项具有里程碑意义的发明，使种子植物成为陆地植物中最成功的类群(4)。
Carpels are essential for sexual plant reproduction because they house the ovules and subsequently develop into fruits that protect, nourish and ultimately disperse the seeds. The AGAMOUS (AG) gene is necessary for plant sexual reproduction because stamens and carpels are absent from ag mutant flowers(1),(2). However, the fact that sepals are converted into carpelloid organs in certain mutant backgrounds even in the absence of AG activity indicates that an AG-independent carpel-development pathway exists(2). AG is a member of a monophyletic clade of MADS-box genes that includes SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1), SHP2 and SEEDSTICK (STK)(3), indicating that these four genes might share partly redundant activities. Here we show that the SHP genes are responsible for AG-independent carpel development. We also show that the STK gene is required for normal development of the funiculus, an umbilical-cord-like structure that connects the developing seed to the fruit, and for dispersal of the seeds when the fruit matures. We further show that all four members of the AG clade are required for specifying the identity of ovules, the landmark invention during the course of vascular plant evolution that enabled seed plants to become the most successful group of land plants(4).