Spatial and functional architecture of the mammalian brain stem respiratory network: A hierarchy of three oscillatory mechanisms
Spatial and functional architecture of the mammalian brain stem respiratory network: A hierarchy of three oscillatory mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00985.2007
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Paton, J. F. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, J. C.;Abdala, A. P. L.;Paton, J. F. R.
哺乳动物脑干呼吸网络的空间和功能结构：三种振荡机制的层次结构。中国生物医学工程学报（英文版），2009,31(4):559 - 567。首次发表于2007年10月3日；doi: 10.1152 / jn.00985.2007。哺乳动物中枢模式发生器（cpg）产生有节奏的运动，表现出极其强大和灵活的行为。支持这些特性的网络架构还没有得到很好的理解。本文研究了脑干呼吸CPG的组织结构。通过在原位灌注的大鼠脑干-脊髓制备中，通过桥脑-髓质呼吸网络的顺序吻侧到尾侧横切，我们发现网络动力学重组和新的心律发生机制出现。随着神经网络的减少，正常的三相呼吸节律转变为两相呼吸节律，再转变为单相呼吸节律。三相节律的表达需要脑桥的存在，两相节律的产生依赖于Botzinger复合物和pre-Botzinger复合物的完整性以及它们之间的相互作用，单相节律在pre-Botzinger复合物内产生。当氯化物介导的突触抑制减少时，在完整的制剂中也发生了从三相到两相模式的转变。与三相和两相节律相反，通过阻断持续钠电流（I-NaP）可以消除单相节律。人们建立了一个呼吸网络模型来重现和解释这些观察结果。该模型在空间组织的脑干隔室中纳入了相互作用的呼吸神经元种群。我们的模拟再现了从完整的和顺序减少的制剂中记录的呼吸模式。我们的研究结果表明，三相和两相节律涉及抑制网络相互作用，而单相节律依赖于I-NaP。我们的结论是，呼吸网络在多个层次的网络组织中具有节律性能力，允许表达各种生理和病理生理呼吸行为的特定运动模式。
Spatial and functional architecture of the mammalian brain stem respiratory network: a hierarchy of three oscillatory mechanisms. J Neurophysiol 98: 3370-3387, 2007. First published October 3, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.00985.2007. Mammalian central pattern generators (CPGs) producing rhythmic movements exhibit extremely robust and flexible behavior. Network architectures that enable these features are not well understood. Here we studied organization of the brain stem respiratory CPG. By sequential rostral to caudal transections through the pontine-medullary respiratory network within an in situ perfused rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation, we showed that network dynamics reorganized and new rhythmogenic mechanisms emerged. The normal three-phase respiratory rhythm transformed to a two-phase and then to a one-phase rhythm as the network was reduced. Expression of the three-phase rhythm required the presence of the pons, generation of the two-phase rhythm depended on the integrity of Botzinger and pre-Botzinger complexes and interactions between them, and the one-phase rhythm was generated within the pre-Botzinger complex. Transformation from the three-phase to a two-phase pattern also occurred in intact preparations when chloride-mediated synaptic inhibition was reduced. In contrast to the three-phase and two-phase rhythms, the one-phase rhythm was abolished by blockade of persistent sodium current (I-NaP). A model of the respiratory network was developed to reproduce and explain these observations. The model incorporated interacting populations of respiratory neurons within spatially organized brain stem compartments. Our simulations reproduced the respiratory patterns recorded from intact and sequentially reduced preparations. Our results suggest that the three-phase and two-phase rhythms involve inhibitory network interactions, whereas the one-phase rhythm depends on I-NaP. We conclude that the respiratory network has rhythmogenic capabilities at multiple levels of network organization, allowing expression of motor patterns specific for various physiological and pathophysiological respiratory behaviors.