A Lady Mathematician in this Strange Universe: Memoirs
A Lady Mathematician in this Strange Universe: Memoirs
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这个奇怪宇宙中的一位女数学家：回忆录
DOI：
10.1090/noti2055
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bieri, Lydia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bieri, Lydia
在第一章中，我们了解了她的祖先和家庭。1923年12月29日，伊冯娜·乔克-布鲁哈特出生在法国最北部的城市里尔，是家中三个孩子中的老二。她的父亲是乔治Bruhat，和她的母亲是Berthe休伯特。伊冯两岁时，全家带着女儿珍妮和伊冯搬到了巴黎。几年后，她的哥哥弗朗索瓦来到了这个世界。乔治布鲁哈特曾担任物理学教授在大学的里尔，后来在索邦大学在巴黎。他成为副主任高等师范学校（ENS）在1930年代中期。乔治·布鲁哈特是一位慈爱的父亲和顾家的男人。他以一种最大限度地利用与家人在一起的时间和工作时间的方式组织和安排他的日子。尽管他的职责，他总是找到时间坐下来与他的孩子学习，做作业，或讨论科学。Berthe Hubert教授文学和哲学在高中和更高的水平（Première Supériés），首先在尚贝里，然后在普瓦捷，里尔和巴黎。她的特点是一个女人谁没有隐藏她的想法，并有深刻的理解人类的问题。伊冯的父母都很关心他们的孩子，并支持他们的努力。Georges Bruhat和Berthe Hubert为他们的孩子提供了一个智力家庭环境，这是由保姆以及父母的亲戚和朋友来和他们住在一起。他们全家去阿尔卑斯山和地中海度假，并在达马丁（靠近巴黎）的家中度过时光。这种舒适的生活方式与他们祖先的生活方式截然不同。她父亲的一些祖先，包括她的曾祖父，都是从事道路碎石工作的。为了逃避这种艰苦的生活，下一代人有军事生涯或成为教师。她母亲的家庭成员主要是几代农民。伊冯的外祖父成为一名教师谁能够发送他的两个孩子上大学。Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat经历了严格的法国学校系统。人们必须记住，当时男孩和女孩是分开上学的。老师有很大的影响力。作为一个女孩，伊冯已经培养了独立的思想，并结交了终身的朋友。有一段时间，生活是美好的。作者描述了这些年来的快乐和问题，并命名了一个子章节“快乐的岁月”。1939年，随着第二次世界大战的开始和1940年5月10日德国对法国的进攻，这种幸福将结束。巴黎于当年6月陷落，法国签署停战协定，将巴黎留在占领区，法国南部地区置于维希政权之下。乔治和贝尔特试图保护他们的孩子尽可能在这个黑暗的时期，送他们留在他们的叔叔在普瓦捷在1939年。就在德国人入侵巴黎之前，乔治·布鲁哈特带着他的物理实验室前往波尔多。伊冯的母亲和祖母随后加入了孩子们在普瓦捷，他们都前往波尔多以及。这是一次断断续续的旅行，伊冯娜一度发现自己和其他人分开了，但最终一家人在波尔多团聚了。后来，乔治·布鲁哈特决定回到巴黎，利用他在ENS的领导地位，不仅保护他的实验室免受德国人的攻击，更重要的是，保护他的学生免受纳粹的攻击。他最终帮助许多犹太人和抵抗运动成员前往未被占领的法国，在那里他为他们找到了避难所。从那里他们可以离开英国，在那里他们中的许多人加入了盟军。1944年6月6日（D日），...
In the first chapters, we learn about her ancestors and family. Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat was born as the second of three children on December 29, 1923 in Lille, a city in the very north of France. Her father was Georges Bruhat, and her mother was Berthe Hubert. When Yvonne was two years old, the family moved with their daughters Jeanne and Yvonne to Paris. Her brother François came into the world a few years later. Georges Bruhat worked as a physics professor at the University of Lille, and later at the Sorbonne in Paris. He became vice-director of the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) in the mid-1930s. Georges Bruhat was a loving father and family man. He was organized and structured his days in a way that maximized both the time spent with his family and the time spent at work. Despite all his duties, he always found time to sit down with his children to study, do homework, or discuss science. Berthe Hubert taught literature and philosophy at the high school level and higher (Première Supérieure), first in Chambéry, then in Poitiers, Lille, and Paris. She is characterized as a woman who did not hide her thoughts and had a deep understanding of human problems. Both Yvonne’s parents cared well for their children and supported them in their endeavors. Georges Bruhat and Berthe Hubert provided their children with an intellectual family environment, which was augmented by nannies, as well as relatives and friends of the parents who would come to stay with them. They took family vacations in the Alps and at the Mediterranean, and spent time at their house in Dammartin (near Paris). This comfortable lifestyle was quite different from how their ancestors lived. Some of her father’s ancestors, including her great-grandfather, worked breaking stones for roads. To escape this hard life, the next generation had military careers or became teachers. Her mother’s family members were mainly farmers for several generations. Yvonne’s maternal grandfather became a teacher who was able to send both of his children to universities. Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat went through the rigorous French school system. One has to remember that at the time boys and girls were schooled separately. Teachers had a lot of influence. Already as a girl, Yvonne cultivated an independent mind and made friends for life. For a while, life was good. The author describes pleasures and problems throughout those years and names a subchapter “The Happy Years.” This happiness would end in 1939 with the beginning of World War II and the German attack on France on May 10, 1940. Paris fell in June of that year, and France signed an armistice that left Paris in the occupied zone and the southern part of France under the Vichy Regime. Georges and Berthe tried to protect their children as much as possible during this dark period, sending them to stay with their uncle in Poitiers in 1939. Just before the Germans invaded Paris, Georges Bruhat departed for Bordeaux with his physics laboratory. Yvonne’s mother and grandmother then joined the children in Poitiers and they all headed for Bordeaux as well. It was a journey with interruptions, where at one point Yvonne found herself separated from the others, but finally the family was reunited in Bordeaux. Later, Georges Bruhat decided to go back to Paris and use his position of leadership at ENS to protect not only his laboratory from the Germans, but more importantly, to protect his students from the Nazis. He ended up helping many Jews and members of the Resistance travel to unoccupied France, where he found refuge for them. From there they could leave for Britain, where many of them joined the Allies. On June 6, 1944 (D-Day), the …