Social norms, dual identities, and national attachment: how the perceived patriotism of group members influences Muslim Americans
Social norms, dual identities, and national attachment: how the perceived patriotism of group members influences Muslim Americans
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社会规范、双重身份和民族依恋：团体成员的爱国主义如何影响美国穆斯林
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ryan Dawe
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文献类型：
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作者：
Elizabeth Suhay;B. Calfano;Ryan Dawe
摘要是什么原因导致个人表达爱国主义？我们认为，美国人的象征性爱国主义在一定程度上源于社会影响，相关身份群体的规范影响着个人的爱国主义水平。鉴于美国人认同多个群体--民族、种族和宗教等--许多群体在这方面具有潜在的影响力。在这篇文章中，我们将重点放在穆斯林美国人上，这是一个特别多样化的群体，对来自美国各地的大约450名穆斯林美国人进行了一项实验。我们随机将参与者分配给被描述为高度爱国或不爱国的美国穆斯林或普通美国人的刺激。美国人和穆斯林美国人认为的爱国规范强烈地影响了参与者的爱国主义表达，尽管不爱国的规范并不影响参与者的爱国主义。此外，其他国家和小组成员中的爱国和不爱国规范影响了参与者对政府的评价。正如预测的那样，这些规范没有影响预期的参与，这表明象征性爱国主义的规范性意义可能是有限的。最后，非洲裔美国穆斯林是这一群体中的少数群体，与非非洲裔穆斯林相比，他们对穆斯林美国人的爱国规范反应较少。这一结果支持将爱国主义概念化为一种社会规范，并证明了美国人多重身份的政治相关性。
ABSTRACT What causes individuals to express patriotism? We argue that Americans’ symbolic patriotism stems in part from social influence, with norms in relevant identity groups influencing individuals’ patriotism levels. Given that Americans identify with multiple groups – national, racial, and religious, among others – many groups are potentially influential in this regard. We focus in this article on Muslim Americans, an especially diverse group, conducting an experiment with approximately 450 Muslim Americans from across the USA. We randomly assigned participants to stimuli that portrayed either Muslim Americans or Americans in general as either highly patriotic or unpatriotic. Perceived patriotic norms among Americans and Muslim Americans strongly – and equally – influenced participants’ expressions of patriotism, although unpatriotic norms did not influence participants’ patriotism. In addition, patriotic and unpatriotic norms among fellow national and subgroup members influenced participants’ evaluations of government. As predicted, these norms did not influence intended participation, suggesting that the normative import of symbolic patriotism may be limited. Finally, African-American Muslims, a minority subgroup of this population, were less responsive to Muslim American patriotic norms than were non-African-American Muslims. The results support the conceptualization of patriotism as a social norm and demonstrate the political relevance of Americans’ multiple identities.