Aerosolized red-tide toxins (brevetoxins) and asthma
Aerosolized red-tide toxins (brevetoxins) and asthma
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DOI：
10.1378/chest.06-1830
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Baden, Daniel G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fleming, Lora E.;Kirkpatrick, Barbara;Baden, Daniel G.
背景：随着哮喘发病率的增加，人们越来越担心环境暴露可能引发哮喘恶化。海洋微藻（短卡伦藻）的大量繁殖每年都会在整个墨西哥湾造成红色标题（或有害藻类大量繁殖）。短短杆菌产生高效的天然聚醚毒素，称为短链毒素，是钠通道阻滞剂，也可能是组胺激活剂。在实验动物中，短尾藻毒素会导致显着的支气管收缩。在人类中，在休闲和职业接触佛罗里达赤潮气溶胶后，自我报告的呼吸道症状显着增加，特别是在哮喘患者中。方法：在有或没有活跃的短短赤潮接触的海滩上度过 1 小时之前和之后，通过问卷和肺活量测定法对 97 名 12 岁的医生诊断为哮喘的人进行了评估。同时进行了环境监测、水和空气采样以及个人短尾毒素监测。结果：与暴露前相比，参与者在接触短短海藻赤潮气溶胶后报告呼吸道症状的可能性显着更高。暴露后，参与者的 FEV1、用力呼气的呼气中期、流量和呼气峰流量出现小幅但具有统计学意义的下降，尤其是那些经常使用哮喘药物的参与者。当没有佛罗里达赤潮时（即，在非暴露期间），没有检测到显着差异。 结论：这项研究表明，哮喘受试者，特别是那些需要定期接受哮喘药物治疗的受试者，暴露于雾化的佛罗里达赤潮毒素后，肺功能发生了客观可测量的不利变化。未来的研究将更深入地评估这些易感亚群，以及这些毒素可能产生的长期影响。
Background: With the increasing incidence of asthma, there is increasing concern over environmental exposures that may trigger asthma exacerbations. Blooms of the marine microalgae, Karenia brevis, cause red titles (or harmful algal blooms) annually throughout the Gulf of Mexico. K brevis produces higlily potent natural polyether toxins, called brevetoxins, which are sodium channel blockers, and possibly histamine activators. In experimental animals, brevetoxins cause significant bronchoconstriction. In humans, a significant increase in self-reported respiratory symptoms has been described after recreational and occupational exposures to Florida red-tide aerosols, particularly among individuals with asthma.Methods: Before and after 1 h spent on beaches with and without an active K brevis red-tide exposure, 97 persons 12 years of age with physician-diagnosed asthma were evaluated by questionnaire and spirometry. Concomitant environmental monitoring, water and air sampling, and personal monitoring for brevetoxins were performed.Results: Participants were significantly more likely to report respiratory symptoms after K brevis red-tide aerosol exposure than before exposure. Participants demonstrated small, but statistically significant, decreases in FEV1, midexpiratory phase of forced expiratory, flow, and peak expiratory flow after exposure, particularly among those participants regularly using asthma medications. No significant differences were detected when there was no Florida red tide (ie, during nonexposure periods).Conclusions: This study demonstrated objectively measurable adverse changes in lung function from exposure to aerosolized Florida red-tide toxins in asthmatic subjects, particularly among those requiring regular therapy with asthma medications. Future studies will assess these susceptible subpopulations in more deptb,as well as the possible long-term effects of these toxins.