Fitness, cortical thickness and surface area in overweight/obese children: The mediating role of body composition and relationship with intelligence
Fitness, cortical thickness and surface area in overweight/obese children: The mediating role of body composition and relationship with intelligence
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.047
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Ortega, Francisco B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Esteban-Cornejo, Irene;Mora-Gonzalez, Jose;Ortega, Francisco B.
皮质厚度和表面积被认为与遗传无关，并由独立的神经生物学事件决定，这表明在形态测量分析中应单独考虑它们。尽管皮层厚度和表面积的发育轨迹可能因大脑区域和年龄的不同而不同，但关于身体健康与皮层厚度和表面积的关系以及其对智力的后续影响尚未达成共识。因此，本研究探讨：（i）身体健康成分（即心肺健康、速度敏捷性和肌肉健康）与整体和区域皮质厚度和表面积的关联； (ii) 身体成分指标（即体重指数、去脂质量指数和脂肪质量指数）是否介导这些关联； (iii) 超重/肥胖儿童的身体素质和皮质厚度与智力的关系。西班牙格拉纳达共招募了 101 名 8-11 岁超重/肥胖儿童。根据 ALPHA 健康相关体能测试电池对体能部分进行评估。 T1 加权图像是使用 3.0 特斯拉西门子 Magnetom Tim Trio 系统获取的。我们使用 FreeSurfer 软件版本 5.3.0 来评估皮质厚度 (mm) 和表面积 (mm(2))。主要结果表明，心肺健康和速度敏捷性与整体皮质厚度相关（分别为β = 0.321和β = 0.302；均P < 0.05），而皮质厚度又与较高的智力相关（β = 0.198，P < 0.05）。肌肉健康与整体皮质厚度无关。三个身体健康成分均与表面积无关（p > 0.05）。心肺健康和速度敏捷性与整体皮质厚度的关联由脂肪质量指数介导（分别为 56.86% 和 62.28%）。总之，心肺健康和速度敏捷性（而不是肌肉健康）与整体皮质厚度相关，反过来，较厚的大脑皮层与超重/肥胖儿童的较高智力相关。然而，这三个身体健康组成部分都与表面积无关。重要的是，肥胖可能会阻碍心肺健康和速度敏捷性对皮质厚度的益处。了解大脑形态的个体差异可能对教育工作者和政策制定者产生重要影响，他们的目标是确定政策和干预措施，以最大限度地提高以后的学术学习和职业成功。
Cortical thickness and surface area are thought to be genetically unrelated and shaped by independent neurobiological events suggesting that they should be considered separately in morphometric analyses. Although the developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and surface area may differ across brain regions and ages, there is no consensus regarding the relationships of physical fitness with cortical thickness and surface area as well as for its subsequent influence on intelligence. Thus, this study examines: (i) the associations of physical fitness components (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, speed-agility and muscular fitness) with overall and regional cortical thickness and surface area; (ii) whether body composition indicators (i.e., body mass index, fat-free mass index and fat mass index) mediate these associations; and (iii) the association of physical fitness and cortical thickness with intelligence in overweight/obese children. A total of 101 overweight/obese children aged 8-11 years were recruited in Granada, Spain. The physical fitness components were assessed following the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery. T1-weighted images were acquired with a 3.0 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio system. We used FreeSurfer software version 5.3.0 to assess cortical thickness (mm) and surface area (mm(2)). The main results showed that cardiorespiratory fitness and speed-agility were related to overall cortical thickness (beta = 0.321 and beta = 0.302, respectively; both P < 0.05), and in turn, cortical thickness was associated with higher intelligence (beta = 0.198, P < 0.05). Muscular fitness was not related to overall cortical thickness. None of the three physical fitness components were related to surface area (p > 0.05). The associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and speed-agility with overall cortical thickness were mediated by fat mass index (56.86% & 62.28%, respectively). In conclusion, cardiorespiratory fitness and speed-agility, but not muscular fitness, are associated with overall cortical thickness, and in turn, thicker brain cortex is associated with higher intelligence in overweight/obese children. Yet, none of the three physical fitness components were related to surface area. Importantly, adiposity may hinder the benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness and speed-agility on cortical thickness. Understanding individual differences in brain morphology may have important implications for educators and policy makers who aim to determine policies and interventions to maximize academic learning and occupational success later in life.