Biological hurdles to the control of TB in cattle: A test of two hypotheses concerning wildlife to explain the failure of control
Biological hurdles to the control of TB in cattle: A test of two hypotheses concerning wildlife to explain the failure of control
复制标题
控制牛结核病的生物学障碍：对有关野生动物的两个假设进行检验，以解释控制失败
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2006.05.006
复制
发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
F. Mathews
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Macdonald;P. Riordan;F. Mathews
自20世纪70年代以来，牛结核病（bTB）的控制，主要是在英格兰西南部，已被证明是持续不断的;它目前正在以每年18%的速度增长。尽管政府采取了一系列计划，包括杀死獾，以减少bTB向牛的传播，但这种恶化还是发生了。在解释这种控制失败的各种假说中，有些与农业实践有关，但有两种与野生动物有关。后者是，第一，野生哺乳动物物种以外的獾是重要的bTB的传播，第二，扰动效应之间的獾生存的扑杀countermands希望减少bTB的传播牛，甚至增加it. We审查我们自己的研究这两个假设的背景下，其他的发现。我们的结论是，其他物种的假设并没有提供一个一般的解释失败的bTB控制。我们还得出结论，扰动假说是支持的数据，并提供了一个合理的机制来解释为什么扑杀獾一般没有实现控制牛结核病。我们已经审查了扰动的相关性方面的三个关键问题：随机獾扑杀试验（RBCT）的结果和我们自己的研究表明，有任何前景的贡献显着控制牛结核病，獾扑杀将不得不在一个非常大的区域进行。考虑到牛与牛之间传播可能非常重要的作用，以及农场管理和监测方面的解决方案的机会，现在进行这样的扑杀是不合适的（可能是不切实际的）。
Since the 1970s the control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle, predominantly in the SW of England has proved continually recalcitrant; it is currently increasing at an annual rate of 18%. This deterioration has occurred despite a succession of government schemes involving killing badgers, Meles meles, with the intention of reducing transmission of bTB to cattle. Of various hypotheses proposed to explain this failure of control, some concern agricultural practice, but two concern wildlife. The latter are, first, that wild mammalian species other than badgers are important in the transmission of bTB, and second, that a perturbation effect amongst those badgers surviving a cull countermands the hoped-for reduction of bTB transmission to cattle or even increases it. We review our own studies of these two hypotheses in the context of other findings. We conclude that the other species hypothesis does not provide a general explanation for the failure of bTB control. We also conclude that the perturbation hypothesis is supported by the data and does provide one plausible mechanism to explain why culling badgers has not generally achieved control of bTB in cattle. We have reviewed the relevance of perturbation with respect to three key questions: The results of the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT) and our own studies indicate that to have any prospect of contributing significantly to controlling bTB in cattle, a badger cull would have to be undertaken over a very large area. Considering the likely very important role of cattle-to-cattle transmission, and the opportunities for solutions in terms of farm management and surveillance, it would be inappropriate (and probably impractical) to undertake such a cull now.