The trauma signature of 2016 Hurricane Matthew and the psychosocial impact on Haiti
The trauma signature of 2016 Hurricane Matthew and the psychosocial impact on Haiti
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2016 年飓风马修的创伤特征及其对海地的社会心理影响
DOI：
10.1080/21665044.2016.1263538
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Rechkemmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Shultz;Toni Cela;L. Marcelin;M. Espinola;I. Heitmann;C. Sánchez;Arielle Jean Pierre;C. Foo;K. Thompson;P. Klotzbach;Z. Espinel;A. Rechkemmer
摘要背景.飓风马修是2016年大西洋盆地飓风季最强烈的热带气旋，对多个国家造成严重影响，包括直接登陆古巴、海地、巴哈马和美国。然而，海地的生命损失和人口混乱最为严重。方法.一个既定的创伤签名（TSIG）的方法被用来检查飓风马修的心理后果，这一事件的显着特点。TSIG分析描述了海地公民遭受与这一热带气旋有关的独特灾害的情况。专门为这场自然生态灾害编制了灾害概况、心理压力源矩阵和海地受灾人口的“创伤特征”摘要----包括遭受灾害、损失和变化的情况。结果这一事件的灾害特点包括：暴雨引发泥石流，沿着沿着陡峭的森林被砍伐的地形;猛烈的飓风（登陆时“眼墙”中的4级风）摧毁了建筑环境，并发射了抛射物碎片;洪水“风暴潮”登陆，淹没了蒂伯龙半岛上的村庄;以及猛烈的海浪作用，摧毁了沿着海岸线的基础设施。许多沿海居民面对风暴的破坏毫无防备。飓风“马修”在高温海洋沃茨上空缓慢前进，加剧了破坏的持续时间和程度。除了风暴本身造成的破坏外，传染病传播的风险，特别是与霍乱和寨卡持续流行有关的风险，也加剧了。结论.飓风马修（英语：Hurricane Matthew）是一场凶猛的热带气旋，其气象特征增强了风暴在海地遭遇期间的破坏力，导致大量人员伤亡和心理创伤。
ABSTRACT Background. Hurricane Matthew was the most powerful tropical cyclone of the 2016 Atlantic Basin season, bringing severe impacts to multiple nations including direct landfalls in Cuba, Haiti, Bahamas, and the United States. However, Haiti experienced the greatest loss of life and population disruption. Methods. An established trauma signature (TSIG) methodology was used to examine the psychological consequences of Hurricane Matthew in relation to the distinguishing features of this event. TSIG analyses described the exposures of Haitian citizens to the unique constellation of hazards associated with this tropical cyclone. A hazard profile, a matrix of psychological stressors, and a “trauma signature” summary for the affected population of Haiti - in terms of exposures to hazard, loss, and change - were created specifically for this natural ecological disaster. Results. Hazard characteristics of this event included: deluging rains that triggered mudslides along steep, deforested terrain; battering hurricane winds (Category 4 winds in the “eye-wall” at landfall) that dismantled the built environment and launched projectile debris; flooding “storm surge” that moved ashore and submerged villages on the Tiburon peninsula; and pummeling wave action that destroyed infrastructure along the coastline. Many coastal residents were left defenseless to face the ravages of the storm. Hurricane Matthew's slow forward progress as it remained over super-heated ocean waters added to the duration and degree of the devastation. Added to the havoc of the storm itself, the risks for infectious disease spread, particularly in relation to ongoing epidemics of cholera and Zika, were exacerbated. Conclusions. Hurricane Matthew was a ferocious tropical cyclone whose meteorological characteristics amplified the system's destructive force during the storm's encounter with Haiti, leading to significant mortality, injury, and psychological trauma.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Gruebner O;Lowe SR;Tracy M;Joshi S;Cerdá M;Norris FH;Subramanian SV;Galea S
通讯作者：
Galea S
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Gruebner O;Lowe SR;Sampson L;Galea S
通讯作者：
Galea S
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Cerda, M.;Bordelois, P. M.;Galea, S.;Norris, F.;Tracy, M.;Koenen, K. C.
通讯作者：
Koenen, K. C.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Galea, Sandro;Tracy, Melissa;Coffey, Scott F.
通讯作者：
Coffey, Scott F.
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Neria, Yuval;Shultz, James M.
通讯作者：
Shultz, James M.