Archaeobotanical evidence for the interrelationship of agricultural decision-making and climate change in the ancient Near East
Archaeobotanical evidence for the interrelationship of agricultural decision-making and climate change in the ancient Near East
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2007.08.005
复制
发表时间：
2009-03
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
S. Riehl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Riehl
考古植物学数据用于环境变化调查的潜力被用多地点方法来跟踪作物畜牧业的变化。利用地理信息系统(GIS)软件绘制了黎凡特、叙利亚和美索不达米亚北部138个地点的考古植物学数据。分析了从青铜时代早期到铁器时代(5000-2500cal.BP)整个序列中近东主要农作物的存在、比例和普遍存在的情况，以获得与该地区古气候历史、模拟气候参数、人类学事实和作物物种的生物气候特性有关的发展模式。尽管在方法上存在相当大的问题，但这个大型数据库出现的总体模式表明，过去农业决策是如何受到气候变化的影响的。虽然在青铜时代早期遗址的作物组合中可以识别出相对有利的有效水分程度，但随着许多需要较高水分的作物的种植，4200BP事件的影响强烈地反映在青铜时代中期对干旱敏感的作物物种减少或消失上，4200BP事件在4000BP之后干旱加剧。青铜时代晚期作物比例和普遍存在的一般模式意味着干旱条件的进一步增加，特别是在叙利亚北部。然而，与青铜时代早期到中期的过渡相比，这要明显得多。一些作物的区域差异很大，南部黎凡特地区的作物生产模式并不表明干旱条件的增加。铁器时代的模式表明水的可获得性略好一些。
The potential of archaeobotanical data for investigation of environmental change was examined with a multi-site approach to tracking changes in crop husbandry. Archaeobotanical data from 138 sites in the Levant, Syria and northern Mesopotamia were mapped with geographical information system (GIS) software. The presence, proportions and ubiquities of the main Near Eastern crop plants throughout a sequence spanning from the Early Bronze Age to the Iron Age (5000–2500cal.BP) were analyzed for developmental patterns related to the palaeoclimatic history of the region, modeled climate parameter, anthropological facts and the bioclimatic properties of the crop species. Although there are considerable methodological problems, the overall patterns emerging from this large database demonstrate how agricultural decision-making was influenced by climate change in the past. While a relatively favorable degree of available moisture can be recognized in the crop assemblages of Early Bronze Age sites, with the cultivation of numerous crops with comparatively high water-requirements, the impact of the 4200BP event, with an increased aridity after 4000BP latest, is reflected strongly in the reduction or absence of drought-susceptible crop species in the Middle Bronze Age. The general pattern of crop proportions and ubiquities during the Late Bronze Age implies a further, although slight, increase in arid conditions, particularly in northern Syria. However this is much less marked than that for the Early to Middle Bronze Age transition. Regional variation is large for some crops, and an increase in arid conditions is not indicated by the patterns of crop production for the southern Levant. The patterns during the Iron Age suggest a slightly better water availability.