The emerging era of cell engineering: Harnessing the modularity of cells to program complex biological function.
The emerging era of cell engineering: Harnessing the modularity of cells to program complex biological function.
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细胞工程的新兴时代：利用细胞的模块化来编程复杂的生物功能。
DOI：
10.1126/science.add9665
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lim,WendellA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lim,WendellA
生物工程的新时代正在出现，其中活细胞被用作解决治疗挑战的基石。这些努力与传统的分子工程不同，他们的重点不是优化单个基因和蛋白质作为治疗方法，而是使用分子成分作为模块来重新编程细胞如何做出决定和沟通，以实现体内更高层次的生理功能。这种以细胞为中心的方法是通过不断增长的组件工具包来实现的，这些组件可以综合控制核心细胞水平的功能输出，例如细胞应该在体内的哪里，它应该与哪些其他细胞相互作用，以及它应该发送或接收什么信息。细胞工程的力量已被临床验证免疫细胞的发展，旨在杀死癌症。这个用于重新连接细胞的工具箱正开始被用于设计用于许多其他疾病的细胞疗法，并为组织和器官的自组织编程。通过将复杂生物功能的概念提炼成在细胞水平上运行的有限指令集，这些努力也揭示了将分子成分与高阶生理功能联系起来的基本层次逻辑。
A new era of biological engineering is emerging in which living cells are used as building blocks to address therapeutic challenges. These efforts are distinct from traditional molecular engineering—their focus is not on optimizing individual genes and proteins as therapeutics, but rather on using molecular components as modules to reprogram how cells make decisions and communicate to achieve higher-order physiological functions in vivo. This cell-centric approach is enabled by a growing tool kit of components that can synthetically control core cell-level functional outputs, such as where in the body a cell should go, what other cells it should interact with, and what messages it should transmit or receive. The power of cell engineering has been clinically validated by the development of immune cells designed to kill cancer. This same tool kit for rewiring cell connectivity is beginning to be used to engineer cell therapies for a host of other diseases and to program the self-organization of tissues and organs. By forcing the conceptual distillation of complex biological functions into a finite set of instructions that operate at the cell level, these efforts also shed light on the fundamental hierarchical logic that links molecular components to higher-order physiological function.