Culture, control, and perception of relationships in the environment
Culture, control, and perception of relationships in the environment
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.78.5.943
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Nisbett, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ji, LJ;Peng, KP;Nisbett, RE
东亚认知被认为是相对整体的；也就是说，关注整个领域。相比之下，西方认知被认为是以对象为中心和以控制为导向的。在这项研究中，东亚人（主要是中国人）和美国人在协变和场依赖性的检测方面进行了比较。结果表明：（a）中国参与者报告事件之间的关联性更强，对共变的差异反应更灵敏，并且对自己的共变判断更有信心； (b) 当参与者相信他们对共变判断任务有一定的控制力时，这些文化差异就消失了； (c) 美国参与者在杆框测试中犯的错误较少，这表明他们对场地的依赖性较小； (d) 当参与者手动控制测试时，美国人的表现和信心有所提高，但亚洲人的表现和信心没有提高。讨论了感知差异的可能根源。
East Asian cognition has been held to be relatively holistic; that is, attention is paid to the field as a whole. Western cognition, in contrast, has been held to be object focused and control oriented. In this study East Asians (mostly Chinese) and Americans were compared on detection of covariation and field dependence. The results showed the following: (a) Chinese participants reported stronger association between events, were more responsive to differences in covariation, and were more confident about their covariation judgments; (b) these cultural differences disappeared when participants believed they had some control over the covariation judgment task; (c) American participants made fewer mistakes on the Rod-and-Frame Test, indicating that they were less field dependent; (d) American performance and confidence, but not that of Asians, increased when participants were given manual control of the test. Possible origins of the perceptual differences are discussed.