Resistance of cowpea and cereals to the parasitic angiosperm Striga
Resistance of cowpea and cereals to the parasitic angiosperm Striga
复制标题
豇豆和谷物对寄生被子植物独脚金的抗性
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-017-0954-5_7
复制
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. A. Bailey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Lane;J. A. Bailey
Strigaspecies是一种寄生的被子植物，在撒哈拉以南的非洲和印度，它们会侵害许多自给农民种植的作物。寄生虫的控制是困难的，转基因作物是最可行和适当的解决方案。在豇豆中，已经鉴定出对独脚金的完全抗性。高粱的抗病育种已经鉴定出对S具有良好抗性的品种。在非洲和印度。一个品种也抗S。赫蒙蒂凯恩W.非洲在玉米和谷子中没有发现对独脚金的抗性，通常通过在自然感染独脚金的田地中筛选种质来寻找抗性品种。然而，实验室技术也得到了发展，包括一个用于筛选豇豆抗S的体外生长系统。苦苣苔属。使用该系统已经确定了豇豆的两个新的抗性来源。该技术也被用于研究这种作物的抗性机制。有两种机制，都是在寄生虫侵入豇豆根部后表达的。一些高粱品种对独脚金的抗性由隐性基因控制。豇豆对独脚金的抗性受单基因显性控制。目前正在将抗病基因转移到高产或适应当地农业条件的豇豆品种上。一种抗干旱的豇豆品种Suvita-2已经在马里的农民中广泛种植。豇豆对Striga的抗性“崩溃”的报道尚未得到证实，但更广泛的抗性遗传基础对于确保Striga抗性的持久性至关重要。
Strigaspecies are parasitic angiosperms that attack many crops grown by subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa and India. Control of the parasite is difficult and genetically resistant crops are the most feasible and appropriate solution. In cowpea, complete resistance toStriga gesnerioideshas been identified. Breeding for resistance in sorghum has identified varieties with good resistance toS. asiaticain Africa and India. One variety was also resistant toS. hermonthicain W. Africa. No such resistance toStrigahas been found in maize or millets.Resistant varieties have usually been sought by screening germplasm in fields naturally infested withStriga. However, laboratory techniques have also been developed, including anin vitrogrowth system used to screen cowpeas for resistance toS. gesnerioides. Two new sources of resistance in cowpea have been identified using the system. The technique has also been used to investigate the mechanisms of resistance in this crop. Two mechanisms have been characterised, both were expressed after penetration of cowpea roots by the parasite.The resistance of some sorghum varieties toStrigais controlled by recessive genes. In cowpea, resistance toStrigais controlled by single dominant genes. The genes for resistance are currently being transferred to cowpea varieties which are high yielding or adapted to local agronomic conditions. OneStrigaresistant cowpea variety, Suvita-2, is already being grown widely by farmers in Mali. Reports of ‘breakdown’ of resistance in cowpea toStrigahave not yet been confirmed, but a wider genetic base to the resistance is essential to ensure durability ofStrigaresistance.