Mild opioid deprivation increases the degree that opioid-dependent outpatients discount delayed heroin and money
Mild opioid deprivation increases the degree that opioid-dependent outpatients discount delayed heroin and money
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-002-1159-2
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Badger, GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giordano, LA;Bickel, WK;Badger, GJ
理由：越来越多的文献表明，延迟奖励的过度时间贴现可能是药物滥用问题病因学的一个促成因素。然而，人们对药物剥夺如何影响药物依赖者延迟奖励的时间贴现知之甚少。目的：研究阿片类药物剥夺对阿片类药物依赖者如何折扣小、中、大量延迟海洛因和金钱的影响程度。方法：十三名维持丁丙诺啡的阿片类药物依赖者完成了一项假设的选择任务，他们在恒定的延迟奖励金额和立即奖励金额之间进行选择，并进行调整，直到他们对两种结果表示无差异。该任务是在阿片类药物剥夺（四次）和饱足（四次）的条件下，在八次疗程中以三种价值的海洛因和金钱奖励完成的。结果：在各种条件下，双曲函数非常适合贴现数据。当受试者停用阿片类药物时，贴现程度显着更高。与之前的调查结果一致，海洛因的折扣程度高于金钱，并且与奖励的大小成反比。结论：阿片类药物的剥夺增加了依赖性个体对延迟海洛因和金钱的折扣程度。了解影响药物依赖者如何折扣延迟奖励的条件可能有助于我们理解这些人做出的短视选择，并有助于改善治疗结果。
Rationale: A growing literature suggests that excessive temporal discounting of delayed rewards may be a contributing factor in the etiology of substance abuse problems. Little is known, however, about how drug deprivation may affect temporal discounting of delayed rewards by drug-dependent individuals. Objective: To examine the extent to which opioid deprivation affects how opioid-dependent individuals discount small, medium and large quantities of delayed heroin and money. Methods: Thirteen opioid-dependent individuals maintained on buprenorphine completed a hypothetical choice task in which they choose between a constant delayed reward amount and an immediate reward amount that was adjusted until they expressed indifference between both outcomes. The task was completed for three values of heroin and money rewards during eight sessions under conditions of opioid deprivation (four sessions) and satiation (four sessions). Results: Across conditions, hyperbolic functions provided a good fit for the discounting data. Degree of discounting was significantly higher when subjects were opioid deprived. Consistent with previous Findings, degree of discounting was higher for heroin than money and inversely related to the magnitude of the reward. Conclusion: Opioid deprivation increased the degree to which dependent individuals discounted delayed heroin and money. Understanding the conditions that affect how drug-dependent individuals discount delayed rewards might help us understand the myopic choices made by such individuals and help improve treatment outcomes.