Glial cells
Glial cells
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.023
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发表时间：
2004-10-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Jessen, KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jessen, KR
神经系统由两大类细胞构成，神经元和神经胶质细胞。神经胶质细胞的数量超过神经元，这两种细胞类型在神经组织中占据相当的空间。在中枢神经系统中，主要的神经胶质细胞类型是星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞，在外周神经系统中，主要的神经胶质细胞类型是雪旺细胞、肠神经胶质细胞和卫星细胞。在胚胎中，神经胶质细胞形成细胞框架，允许神经系统的其余部分发育，并调节神经元的存活和分化。神经胶质在成人中最为人所知的功能是在轴突周围形成髓鞘，从而允许神经系统功能所必需的信号的快速传导。神经胶质还在神经元环境中维持适当浓度的离子和神经递质。越来越多的证据表明，神经胶质细胞是神经系统关键功能单位突触形成、维持和功能的重要调节者。(C)2004 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
The nervous system is built from two broad categories of cells, neurones and glial cells. The glial cells outnumber the neurones and the two cell types occupy a comparable amount of space in nervous tissue. The main glial cell types are, in the central nervous system, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and, in the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells, enteric glial cells and satellite cells. In the embryo, glial cells form a cellular framework that permits the development of the rest of the nervous system, and regulate neuronal survival and differentiation. The best known function of glia in the adult is the formation of myelin sheaths around axons thus allowing the fast conduction of signalling essential for nervous system function. Glia also maintain appropriate concentrations of ions and neurotransmitters in the neuronal environment. Increasing body of evidence indicates that glial cells are essential regulators of the formation, maintenance and function of synapses, the key functional unit of the nervous system. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.