Do inequalities exist in housing and working conditions among local and migrant industrial workers in Vietnam? Results from a multi-site survey.
Do inequalities exist in housing and working conditions among local and migrant industrial workers in Vietnam? Results from a multi-site survey.
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越南本地产业工人和外来产业工人的住房和工作条件是否存在不平等？
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105400
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Tran,BachXu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Do,HaNgoc;Vu,Milkie;Nguyen,AnhTuan;Nguyen,HoaQuynhThi;Bui,ThanhPhuong;Nguyen,QuyVan;Tran,NganThuThi;La,LyBacThi;Nguyen,NgaThuThi;Nguyen,QuangN;Phan,HaiThanh;Hoang,MenThi;Vu,LinhGia;Vu,ThucMinhThi;Tran,BachXu
虽然越南的内部移民是该国经济快速发展的关键推动力，但他们也面临许多脆弱性。本研究旨在探讨越南本地和内部流动产业工人在住房和工作条件方面可能存在的不平等。方法对越南四个地区的1200名产业工人进行横断面调查。因变量包括住房条件（对住宿的便利性、住宿的卫生和水以及一般住宿的满意度）和工作条件（对收入、月收入、危险工作条件的数量和工作压力的满意度，通过修改的努力-回报不平衡问卷测量）。主要的自变量是移民身份。协变量包括地区、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况、住宿状况、生活安排、行业、年龄、月收入、经验和工作时间。结果24.7% （n = 296）为外来人口。总体而言，没有发现移民身份在住房条件方面的差异。在调整后的回归模型中，农民工报告了更多的危险工作条件（β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.13, p = 0.01）和更高的月收入（β = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.09, p = 0.02）。最近越南户籍制度的州级变化可能解释了移民身份在住房条件方面缺乏差异。未来的研究应该利用纵向设计来检验国家政策对移民住房条件和福祉的影响。关于工作条件，调查结果强调有必要加强社会保护政策，改善移民职业健康和安全方面的信息渠道。需要进一步的研究，包括定性研究，来探讨为什么移民面临更危险的工作条件。
BackgroundWhile internal migrants in Vietnam have been a key driving force in the country's rapid economic development, they also face many vulnerabilities. Our study seeks to explore possible inequalities in housing and working conditions between local and internal migrant industrial workers in Vietnam.MethodsCross-sectional surveys were conducted with 1200 industrial workers in four regions of Vietnam. Dependent variables included housing conditions (satisfaction with convenience of accommodation, sanitation and water of accommodation, and accommodation in general) and working conditions (satisfaction with income, monthly income, number of hazardous working conditions, and work-related stress measured through the modified Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire). The primary independent variable is migrant status. Covariates included region, gender, education, marital status, accommodation status, living arrangements, industry, age, monthly income, experience, and working hours.ResultsOf the sample, 24.7% (n = 296) were migrants. Overall, no differences were found regarding housing conditions by migrant status. In adjusted regression models, migrants reported higher numbers of hazardous working conditions (β = 0.07, 95 %CI = 0.01–0.13, p = 0.01) and higher monthly income (β = 0.05, 95 %CI = 0.01–0.09, p = 0.02).DiscussionRecent state-level changes in the Vietnamese household registration system may explain the lack of differences in housing conditions by migrant status. Future research should utilize longitudinal designs to examine impacts over time of state policy on migrants’ housing conditions as well as well-being. Regarding working conditions, findings highlight the need for stronger social protection policy and better information channels on occupational health and safety for migrants. Further research, including qualitative studies, is needed to explore why migrants face more hazardous working conditions.