Competitive underutilized crops will depend on the state funding of breeding programmes: an opinion on the example of Europe
Competitive underutilized crops will depend on the state funding of breeding programmes: an opinion on the example of Europe
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有竞争力的未充分利用作物将取决于国家对育种计划的资助：对欧洲例子的看法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Walter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Stamp;R. Messmer;A. Walter
今天，粮食安全依赖于极少数主要粮食作物，这实际上是育种成功和全球化的结果。这一点在近期内不会改变。但我们必须采取行动，阻止可耕地生物多样性受到前所未有的侵蚀；这是确保强健的种植系统以及为子孙后代提供补充粮食生产的先决条件。尽管这个问题已经讨论了几十年，但进展甚微。大多数未充分利用的作物不再适合今天的农业。只有通过规划长期育种方案，而不是一次又一次筛选利用不足的作物，才能取得成功。然而，市场驱动的私人育种者无法实现这一点。政府必须提供资金，以启动一套精心挑选的作物项目。根据来自凉爽温带地区的案例提供了指导方针，在这些地区，有希望的作物经过逐步选择过程。在欧洲，可以在虚拟学院的框架内建立一个项目，明智地将目前直接支付给农民的一小部分投资起来，从而保护他们的未来。
Today, food security depends on very few major grain crops, actually an outcome of breeding success and globalization. This will not change in the near future. But action must be taken to stop the unprecedented pace of the erosion of biodiversity on arable fields; this is a prerequisite to ensure robust cropping systems as well as complementary food production for coming generations. Although this has been discussed for decades, little progress has been made. Most underutilized crops are no longer suitable for today’s agriculture. Success can be achieved only by planning long-term breeding programmes instead of screening underutilized crops again and again. This cannot be realized, however, by market-driven private breeders. State funding is mandatory to launch a programme of a set of well-chosen crops. Guidelines are provided, based on case examples from cool temperate regions, where promising crops undergo stepwise selection process. In Europe, a programme could be established in the frame of a virtual institute, wisely investing a small part of the direct payments that go to farmers today, thereby safeguarding their future.