POU water filters effectively reduce lead in drinking water: a demonstration field study in flint, Michigan
POU water filters effectively reduce lead in drinking water: a demonstration field study in flint, Michigan
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DOI：
10.1080/10934529.2019.1611141
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发表时间：
2019-04-16
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Del Toral, Miguel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bosscher, Valerie;Lytle, Darren A.;Del Toral, Miguel
进行了一项现场研究，以测试安装在使用点（POU）水过滤器的有效性，以消除高浓度的铅在饮用水从前提管道源和铅服务线（LSL）。这些过滤器同时通过了NSF/ANSI标准53（NSF/ANSI-53）的总铅去除和NSF/ANSI标准42（NSF/ANSI-42）的细颗粒（I类）减少认证。2016年，在密歇根州弗林特的345个地点收集了过滤和未过滤的饮用水样本。超过97%的过滤水样本含铅量低于0.5微克/升。过滤水中的最高铅浓度为2.9微克/升，远低于瓶装水标准。POU活性炭块过滤器在降低铅浓度方面的有效性，甚至高于150 μ g/L NSF/ANSI-53挑战标准，可能与由于过滤器的有效孔径小而捕获颗粒有关，此外还与离子交换或吸附去除可溶性铅有关。正确安装和维护的POU过滤器，根据NSF/ANSI-53（总铅）和NSF/ANSI-42（细颗粒）认证，可以保护所有人群，包括孕妇和儿童，将饮用水中的铅降低到不会导致总体铅暴露显着增加的水平。
A field study was conducted to test the effectiveness of faucet-mounted point of use (POU) water filters for removing high concentrations of lead in drinking water from premise plumbing sources and lead service lines (LSL). These filters were concurrently certified for total lead removal under NSF/ANSI Standard 53 (NSF/ANSI-53) and for fine particulate (Class I) reduction under NSF/ANSI Standard 42 (NSF/ANSI-42). In 2016, filtered and unfiltered drinking water samples were collected at over 345 locations in Flint, Michigan. Over 97% of filtered water samples contained lead below 0.5 mu g/L. The maximum lead concentration in filtered water was 2.9 mu g/L, well below the bottled water standard. The effectiveness of the POU activated carbon block filters in reducing lead concentrations, even above the 150 mu g/L NSF/ANSI-53 challenge standard, is likely related to trapping particles due to the small effective pore size of the filters, in addition to ion-exchange or sorption removal of soluble lead. Properly installed and maintained POU filters, certified under both NSF/ANSI-53 (for total lead) and NSF/ANSI-42 (for fine particulate), can protect all populations, including pregnant women and children, by reducing lead in drinking water to levels that would not result in a significant increase in overall lead exposure.