Response to Comments by Post and Stern on Article “Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Chromium Compounds in Humans”
Response to Comments by Post and Stern on Article “Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Chromium Compounds in Humans”
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回应波斯特和斯特恩对《铬化合物对人体的毒性和致癌性》一文的评论
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
C. Klein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Max Costa;C. Klein
铬是一种人类致癌物，主要通过职业环境中的吸入暴露。虽然肺癌已被确定为吸烟者和非吸烟者接触六价铬的结果，但也注意到胃肠道和中枢神经系统的其他组织的一些癌症。除了来自中国的少数报告外，对环境暴露于铬的健康风险知之甚少。同样，也缺乏关于人类通过饮用水或摄入接触六价铬的流行病学研究，有人认为，人类可能可以耐受高于当前饮用水标准50 ppb的六价铬。这篇综述强调了最近的数据在小鼠皮肤肿瘤的诱导慢性饮用水暴露于六价铬结合太阳紫外线。该实验系统代表了一个重要的新的动物模型，通过摄入饮用水的铬酸盐诱导的癌症，它表明，通过外推，铬酸盐可能被认为是一种人类致癌物的摄入以及。这种动物模型的潜在用途为未来的风险评估进行了讨论。
Chromium is a human carcinogen primarily by inhalation exposure in occupational settings. Although lung cancer has been established as a consequence of hexavalent chromium exposure in smokers and nonsmokers, some cancers of other tissues of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems have also been noted. Except for a few reports from China, little is known about the health risks of environmental exposures to chromium. Likewise, there has been a lack of epidemiological studies of human exposure to hexavalent Cr by drinking water or ingestion, and it has been suggested that humans can perhaps tolerate hexavalent Cr at higher levels than the current drinking water standard of 50 ppb. This review highlights the most recent data on the induction of skin tumors in mice by chronic drinking-water exposure to hexavalent chromium in combination with solar ultraviolet light. This experimental system represents an important new animal model for chromate-induced cancers by ingestion of drinking water, and it suggests by extrapolation that chromate can likely be considered a human carcinogen by ingestion as well. The potential use of this animal model for future risk assessment is discussed.