Production and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofiber Slurries and Sheets for Biomedical Applications
Production and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofiber Slurries and Sheets for Biomedical Applications
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DOI：
10.3389/fnano.2021.729743
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发表时间：
2021-12-06
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Neivandt, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carter, Nicklaus;Grant, Isabelle;Neivandt, David J.
纤维素纳米材料的生产采用多种方法，包括静电纺丝、细菌产生、酸消化和各种机械除颤技术；所生产的纳米材料的形态是特定于生产过程的。原料从各种形式的木质生物质到真菌，对最终产品有很大的影响。机械除颤技术，如本工作中采用的技术，通过分割连续分解悬浮在水中的纤维素纤维，并通过研磨和精炼进行除颤。该过程通常被操作，直到在合成的纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）浆中达到所需的细粒水平，或者称为纤维素纳米纤维。机械除颤过程可以在小批量系统中生产几升，或者在连续中试规模精炼厂系统中每天生产多达吨。在目前的工作中，开发了一个连续系统，能够生产14升纤维素纳米纤维浆，具有一致的规格，并符合GMP/GLP协议，以便适用于生物医学应用。该系统在ISO 7级洁净室中构建，并在纯净水中对漂白的软木纸浆悬浮液进行精炼。本文详细介绍了连续研磨系统，用于生产纤维素纳米纤维的过程，并描述了由此产生的纤维素纳米纤维浆料和由浆料形成的薄片。
Cellulose nanomaterials are produced employing a multitude of methodologies including electrospinning, bacterial generation, acid digestion, and a variety of mechanical defibrillation techniques; the morphology of the nanomaterial produced is specific to the production process. Feedstocks range from various forms of woody biomass, to fungi, and have a great impact on the resulting product. The mechanical defibrillation technique, such as that employed in the present work, continuously breaks down cellulose fibers suspended in water via segmentation and defibrillation through grinding and refining. The process is typically operated until a desired level of fines is achieved in the resultant slurry of cellulose nanofiber (CNF), alternatively known as cellulose nanofibril. Mechanical defibrillation processes can be built to produce several liters in a small batch system or up to tons per day in a continuous pilot scale refiner system. In the present work a continuous system was developed with the capacity to produce 14 L of cellulose nanofiber slurry with consistent specifications and in a manner compliant with GMP/GLP protocols in order to be amenable to biomedical applications. The system was constructed within an ISO class 7 cleanroom and refining was performed on bleached softwood pulp suspension in purified water. This manuscript details the continuous grinding system, the processes employed to produce cellulose nanofiber, and characterizes the resultant cellulose nanofiber slurry and sheets formed from the slurry.