THE STRUCTURE OF LABORATORY DREAM REPORTS IN BLIND AND SIGHTED SUBJECTS
THE STRUCTURE OF LABORATORY DREAM REPORTS IN BLIND AND SIGHTED SUBJECTS
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DOI：
10.1097/00005053-198205000-00006
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
SCHMIDT, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KERR, NH;FOULKES, D;SCHMIDT, M
10名受过大学教育的年轻人（4名视力正常，4名先天性失明，2名意外失明）在睡眠实验室进行了为期8周的研究。根据标准的觉醒时间表和访谈格式，从脑电图定义的睡眠开始、快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠中收集梦报告。梦的报告进行了分析，根据主题的回答采访问题，其中重点是正式组织和感官内容的梦想。受试者还进行了一些清醒认知能力的测试，这表明除了盲人受试者的听觉比视觉图像的清晰度/发生率更高之外，视力正常的受试者和盲人受试者之间没有一般认知差异。同样，尽管视觉意象与其他感官意象在受试者的梦中所起的作用存在差异，但先天失明和视力正常的受试者的梦在构成和组织方面通常是相似的，并且可以根据它们所引发的睡眠阶段来区分。两个先天失明的主题没有任何历史的形式视觉能够代表空间关系的梦想经验，没有任何视觉意象或补偿意象在其他形式。两个先天失明的受试者，他们的视觉形式最小，在梦中看到的只是他们在清醒时能够想象的范围，再一次，对梦的瞬间丰富性或叙述的连续性没有不利影响。两个在青少年时期就成为法定失明的盲人被试普遍报告说，他们的梦境视觉体验和他们失明前清醒时的视觉体验一样。此外，他们的视觉意象包括对自失明以来才知道的人和地方的明确的意象表征。总的来说，结果是一致的，认为梦是一个建设性的认知过程，而不是一个再生的知觉，并认为，负责的瞬间和顺序组织的梦想的综合认知系统不依赖于存在的同时视觉知觉的经验或发达的视觉认知代码。
Ten college-educated young adults (four sighted, four congenitally blind, and two adventitiously blind) were studied in a sleep laboratory one night a week for 8 weeks. Dream reports were collected from electroencephalogram-defined sleep onset, rapid eye movement sleep, and non-rapid eye movement sleep, following a standard awakening schedule and interview format. Dream reports were analyzed in terms of subjects' responses to interview questions, which focused on formal organization and sensory contents in the dream. Subjects also were administered a number of tests of waking cognitive abilities, which suggested no general cognitive differences between sighted and blind subjects other than the greater clarity/incidence of auditory than visual imagery for blind subjects. Likewise, despite differences in the role which visual vs. other sensory imagery played in subjects' dreams, the dreams of congenitally blind and sighted subjects otherwise generally were comparable in composition and organization, and could be comparably discriminated in terms of the sleep stages from which they were elicited. Two congenitally blind subjects without any history of form vision were able to represent spatial relationships in dream experience without either visual imagery or compensatory imagery in other modalities. Two congenitally blind subjects with minimal form vision saw in their dreams only to the extent that they had been able to visualize in wakefulness with, once again, no adverse effect on either the momentary richness or the narrative continuity of dreaming. Two blind subjects who became legally blind as teenagers universally reported that their dream visualization was as their waking visual experience had been before they became blind. Moreover, their visual imagery included well defined imaginal representations of people and places known only since the acquisition of blindness. Overall, the results are consistent with the view that the dream is a constructive cognitive process, rather than a reproductive perceptual one, and with the view that the integrative cognitive systems responsible for both the momentary and the sequential organization of the dream do not depend on the presence either of contemporaneous visual-perceptual experience or of well developed visual cognitive codes.