The Mast Cell-IgE Paradox From Homeostasis to Anaphylaxis
The Mast Cell-IgE Paradox From Homeostasis to Anaphylaxis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.025
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Galli, Stephen J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Galli, Stephen J.
肥大细胞和IgE与过敏性疾病的病理如此密不可分，包括致命的过敏反应，以至于很难在其他情况下想到它们。当然，我们没有肥大细胞和免疫球蛋白E，所以我们可以吃花生而死！据认为，肥大细胞、IgE和嗜碱性粒细胞(循环中的粒细胞，其功能与肥大细胞部分重叠)可以作为针对蠕虫、扁虱和某些其他寄生虫的适应性T辅助细胞2型免疫反应的组成部分而促进宿主防御。因此，有人认为过敏是一种误导的2型免疫反应，在这种免疫反应中，会产生针对各种表面上无害的抗原的IgE抗体。然而，动物毒液的成分也可以使个体对随后的毒液暴露产生严重的与IgE相关的过敏反应，包括致命的过敏反应。在这里，我描述了肥大细胞可以在最初接触爬行动物或节肢动物毒液时增强宿主对这类毒液的天然抵抗力，以及获得性2型免疫反应、IgE抗体、高亲和力IgE受体F epsilon ERI和肥大细胞可以帮助小鼠对蜜蜂或罗素蛇毒的致死效应产生获得性抵抗力。这些发现支持肥大细胞和免疫球蛋白E可以帮助保护宿主免受有害物质伤害的假设。
Mast cells and IgE are so inextricably linked to the pathology of allergic disorders, including fatal anaphylaxis, that it can be difficult to think of them in other contexts. Surely, we do not have mast cells and IgE so that we can eat a peanut and die! It is thought that mast cells and IgE and basophils (circulating granulocytes, whose functions partially overlap with those of mast cells) can contribute to host defense as components of adaptive T helper cell type 2 immune responses to helminths, ticks, and certain other parasites. Accordingly, it was suggested that allergies are misdirected type 2 immune responses in which IgE antibodies are produced against any of a broad variety of apparently harmless antigens. However, components of animal venoms also can sensitize individuals to develop severe IgE-associated allergic reactions, including fatal anaphylaxis, on subsequent venom exposure. Here, I describe evidence that mast cells can enhance innate host resistance to reptile or arthropod venoms during responses to an initial exposure to such venoms and that acquired type 2 immune responses, IgE antibodies, the high-affinity IgE receptor F epsilon eRI, and mast cells can contribute toward acquired resistance in mice to the lethal effects of honeybee or Russell's viper venom. These findings support the hypothesis that mast cells and IgE can help protect the host against noxious substances.