A General Definition of the Heritable Variation That Determines the Potential of a Population to Respond to Selection
A General Definition of the Heritable Variation That Determines the Potential of a Population to Respond to Selection
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.111.130617
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bijma, Piter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bijma, Piter
遗传选择是塑造地球生命的主要力量。在经典遗传理论中，对选择的反应是选择强度和性状的加性遗传方差的乘积。加性遗传方差反映了群体对选择做出反应的内在潜力。然而，普通的加性遗传变异忽略了生命的社会组织。通过个体之间的社会互动，个体特征值可能取决于他人的基因，这种现象被称为间接遗传效应。然而，解释间接遗传效应的模型缺乏遗传变异的一般定义。在这里，我提出了可遗传变异的一般定义，它决定了群体对选择做出反应的潜力。这将可遗传变异的概念推广到任何继承模型和组织级别。结果表明，决定潜在选择反应的遗传方差是个体之间决定群体平均性状值的可遗传数量的方差，而不是通常的表型方差的加性遗传成分。因此，个体间的遗传方差可能超过表型方差，这在经典理论中是不可能的。这项工作还提供了利用可遗传变异来响应选择的方法，并整合了两个众所周知的母体遗传效应模型。结果表明，焦点个体和影响其适应度的个体之间的相关性是利用遗传方差来响应选择的关键决定因素。
Genetic selection is a major force shaping life on earth. In classical genetic theory, response to selection is the product of the strength of selection and the additive genetic variance in a trait. The additive genetic variance reflects a population's intrinsic potential to respond to selection. The ordinary additive genetic variance, however, ignores the social organization of life. With social interactions among individuals, individual trait values may depend on genes in others, a phenomenon known as indirect genetic effects. Models accounting for indirect genetic effects, however, lack a general definition of heritable variation. Here I propose a general definition of the heritable variation that determines the potential of a population to respond to selection. This generalizes the concept of heritable variance to any inheritance model and level of organization. The result shows that heritable variance determining potential response to selection is the variance among individuals in the heritable quantity that determines the population mean trait value, rather than the usual additive genetic component of phenotypic variance. It follows, therefore, that heritable variance may exceed phenotypic variance among individuals, which is impossible in classical theory. This work also provides a measure of the utilization of heritable variation for response to selection and integrates two well-known models of maternal genetic effects. The result shows that relatedness between the focal individual and the individuals affecting its fitness is a key determinant of the utilization of heritable variance for response to selection.