THE ROLE OF MULTILEVEL SELECTION IN THE EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL CONFLICT IN THE WATER STRIDER AQUARIUS REMIGIS
THE ROLE OF MULTILEVEL SELECTION IN THE EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL CONFLICT IN THE WATER STRIDER AQUARIUS REMIGIS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01087.x
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Pepper, John W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eldakar, Omar Tonsi;Wilson, David Sloan;Pepper, John W.
在进化论中，剥削性策略经常造成一种悖论，即在群体内最成功的个体策略也是对群体最有害的策略，有可能导致灭绝。关于性冲突，有害的男性对女性的过度剥削可能会产生类似的后果。尽管有这些进化论的影响，但很少有研究探讨为什么性冲突最终不会导致种群灭绝。一种可能性是，经历较少性冲突的群体比冲突较多的群体更有生产力。然而，大多数关于性冲突的研究都是在一个孤立的群体中进行的，忽视了在群体中进行选择的可能性。我们在一个自然主义的多群体池中观察到了水瓶座水行者，在这个池中，个体可以自由地分散在群体之间。个体的自由流动在群体之间的攻击性和性别比例上产生了差异，因此与群体内选择相比，群体间选择的重要性增加了。雌性远离了当地的攻击性，为攻击性较弱的雄性创造了更有利的交配环境。此外，语境分析的使用表明，个体的男性攻击性对健康有积极的预测作用，而群体水平的攻击性对健康有负面的预测作用，经验证明了选择水平对交配攻击性的影响之间的冲突。
In evolution, exploitative strategies often create a paradox in which the most successful individual strategy "within" the group is also the most detrimental strategy "for" the group, potentially resulting in extinction. With regard to sexual conflict, the overexploitation of females by harmful males can yield similar consequences. Despite these evolutionary implications, little research has addressed why sexual conflict does not ultimately drive populations to extinction. One possibility is that groups experiencing less sexual conflict are more productive than groups with greater conflict. However, most studies of sexual conflict are conducted in a single isolated group, disregarding the potential for selection among groups. We observed Aquarius remigis water striders in a naturalistic multigroup pool in which individuals could freely disperse among groups. The free movement of individuals generated variation in aggression and sex-ratio among groups, thereby increasing the importance of between-group selection compared to within-group selection. Females dispersed away from local aggression, creating more favorable mating environments for less-aggressive males. Furthermore, the use of contextual analysis revealed that individual male aggression positively predicted fitness whereas aggression at the group level negatively predicted fitness, empirically demonstrating the conflict between levels of selection acting on mating aggression.