Copepod Life Strategy and Population Viability in Response to Prey Timing and Temperature: Testing a New Model across Latitude, Time, and the Size Spectrum
Copepod Life Strategy and Population Viability in Response to Prey Timing and Temperature: Testing a New Model across Latitude, Time, and the Size Spectrum
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2016.00225
复制
发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Eisner, Lisa B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banas, Neil S.;Moller, Eva F.;Eisner, Lisa B.
一个新的模型（“Coltrane”：桡足类生活史特征和适应新的环境）描述了环境控制桡足类种群通过（1）物候和生活史和（2）温度和能量预算在一个统一的框架。该模型使用一组耦合方程的结构和储备生物量，发育阶段和生存率，类似于许多其他个人为基础的模型，跟踪一个队列的桡足类产卵在给定的日期。然后，它分析了一个家庭的情况下，不同的产卵日期在一年中产生人口水平的结果，和家庭的情况下，不同的一个或多个特征，以产生社区水平的结果。在一个理想化的全球规模的测试床，该模型正确地预测大型哲水蚤的生活策略。范围从每年多代到每代多年。在白令海的试验台上，该模型复制了21世纪初温暖和寒冷年份之间观察到的哲水蚤冰川/marshallae丰度的巨大变化，并表明与海冰相关的猎物物候学是比温度本身更重要的驱动因素。在西格陵兰岛的迪斯科湾试验台上，该模型预测了一系列大型桡足类策略的可行性，这些策略来自于成年大小接近100亩C的收入繁殖者，每年繁殖一次，通过成年大小>1000亩C的资本繁殖者，具有多年的生命周期。这一光谱与所观察到的芬兰哲水蚤（Calanus finmarchicus）、中国哲水蚤（C.冰川哲水蚤Calanus hyperboreus。总之，这些互补的初步实验表明，桡足类群落组成和生产力的许多模式可以预测，从只有几个关键的限制个人的能量预算：总能量可在一个给定的环境中，每年建立一个成年人的身体所需的能量和时间，代谢和捕食处罚需要太长的时间来繁殖，以及所涉及的生命率的大小和温度依赖性。
A new model ("Coltrane": Copepod Life-history Traits and Adaptation to Novel Environments) describes environmental controls on copepod populations via (1) phenology and life history and (2) temperature and energy budgets in a unified framework. The model tracks a cohort of copepods spawned on a given date using a set of coupled equations for structural and reserve biomass, developmental stage, and survivorship, similar to many other individual-based models. It then analyzes a family of cases varying spawning date over the year to produce population-level results, and families of cases varying one or more traits to produce community-level results. In an idealized global-scale testbed, the model correctly predicts life strategies in large Calanus spp. ranging from multiple generations per year to multiple years per generation. In a Bering Sea testbed, the model replicates the dramatic variability in the abundance of Calanus glacialis/marshallae observed between warm and cold years of the 2000s, and indicates that prey phonology linked to sea ice is a more important driver than temperature per se. In a Disko Bay, West Greenland testbed, the model predicts the viability of a spectrum of large-copepod strategies from income breeders with a adult size similar to 100 mu gC reproducing once per year through capital breeders with an adult size >1000 mu gC with a multiple-year life cycle. This spectrum corresponds closely to the observed life histories and physiology of local populations of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and Calanus hyperboreus. Together, these complementary initial experiments demonstrate that many patterns in copepod community composition and productivity can be predicted from only a few key constraints on the individual energy budget: the total energy available in a given environment per year; the energy and time required to build an adult body; the metabolic and predation penalties for taking too long to reproduce; and the size and temperature dependence of the vital rates involved.