Negation Generates Nonliteral Interpretations by Default
Negation Generates Nonliteral Interpretations by Default
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DOI：
10.1080/10926488.2013.768510
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Berger, Iddo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giora, Rachel;Livnat, Elad;Berger, Iddo
四项实验和两项基于语料库的研究表明，否定是影响小说非字面话语默认解释的决定性因素。对于默认支持的非字面的话语解释，话语应该在字面和非字面解释之间具有潜在的歧义。因此，它们应该是(a)不熟悉的，(b)没有语义异常或任何类型的内部不一致，(c)不受上下文信息的影响。实验13表明，满足这3个条件的消极话语，在孤立的情况下被隐喻（这不是安全的）或讽刺（她没有野心）地解释，因此在强烈倾向于非字面解释的语境中处理得更快，而不是（同样有偏见的）字面解释。实验4降低了结构标记本身导致非字面性的可能性。两个基于语料库的研究提供了确凿的证据，支持否定作为默认情况下产生非字面解释的操作符的观点。
Four experiments and 2 corpus-based studies demonstrate that negation is a determinant factor affecting novel nonliteral utterance-interpretation by default. For a nonliteral utterance-interpretation to be favored by default, utterances should be potentially ambiguous between literal and nonliteral interpretations. They should therefore be (a) unfamiliar, (b) free of semantic anomaly or any kind of internal incongruity, and (c) unbiased by contextual information. Experiments 13 demonstrate that negative utterances, meeting these 3 conditions, were interpreted metaphorically (This is not a safe) or sarcastically (Ambitious she is not) when presented in isolation and were therefore processed faster in contexts strongly biasing them toward their nonliteral than toward their (equally biased) literal interpretation. Experiment 4 reduces the possibility that it is structural markedness on its own that induces nonliteralness. Two corpus-based studies provide corroborating evidence, supporting the view of negation as an operator generating nonliteral interpretations by default.