Conservation genetics and phylogeography of the poorly known Middle Eastern terrapin Mauremys caspica (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
Conservation genetics and phylogeography of the poorly known Middle Eastern terrapin Mauremys caspica (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
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DOI：
10.1007/s13127-012-0102-6
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
M. Vamberger;H. Stuckas;D. Ayaz;E. Graciá;A. Aloufi;J. Els;L. Mazanaeva;H. Kami;U. Fritz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Vamberger;H. Stuckas;D. Ayaz;E. Graciá;A. Aloufi;J. Els;L. Mazanaeva;H. Kami;U. Fritz
西亚条纹颈龟Maureys caspicaa广泛分布于中东地区，该地区的系统地理研究很少。由于景观变化、污染和水资源管理的加强，林木受到越来越大的威胁。然而，种群间和种群内的遗传多样性鲜为人知，阻碍了管理单位的确定。采用近全范围的抽样方法，对14个微卫星座位和线粒体DNA序列进行了分析，以深入了解该群体的群体结构和历史。卡斯皮卡。与先前的研究结果一致，我们发现了两组线粒体单倍型，其中一组分布在山脉的东部，另一组分布在西部。然而，我们的微卫星数据显示了一个更明显的地理结构。当零等位基因被编码为隐性结构2.3.2时，出现了三个簇，其中一个簇与西部线粒体簇的范围大致匹配，另外两个微卫星簇的合成范围与东部线粒体簇的分布相对应。没有校正零等位基因的天真结构分析对于两个东部微卫星群是一致的，但将西部群细分为两个单元，另一个地理分界线对应于“安纳托利亚对角线”--一个众所周知的高山屏障，阻碍了西部和东部类群之间的交流。在幼稚的分析中，最西端的微卫星星系团(来自安纳托利亚中部)与其他星系团是相当隔离的，其区别也得到了与其他三个星系团之间的值相似的固定指数的支持。东部两个集群中的一个分布在高加索地区和伊朗，来自沙特阿拉伯和巴林的海龟构成了第二个东部集群，支持了这些濒危种群是本土种群的观点。对我们的微卫星数据的合并分析揭示了4,000-20,000年前所有四个星系团的瓶颈，这表明晚更新世和全新世的气候波动在塑造目前的遗传多样性方面发挥了重要作用。我们建议，包括安纳托利亚中部在内的四个已查明的群组中的每一个都应被视为一个不同的管理单位。巴林动物贸易中存在非本土的水龟，突出了濒危阿拉伯人口的遗传污染危险。需要进一步抽样，以阐明伊朗和伊拉克南部和中部的情况。我们的结果证实，遗传数据不支持从形态上定义的三个亚种中的任何一个的有效性。Caspica，我们建议放弃它们的使用。
The West Asian stripe-necked terrapinMauremys caspicais widespread throughout the Middle East—a region for which only few phylogeographic studies are available. Due to landscape alteration, pollution and intensification of water management,M. caspicais increasingly threatened. However, genetic diversity among and within populations is poorly known, impeding the identification of management units. Using a nearly rangewide sampling, we analyzed 14 microsatellite loci and mtDNA sequences in order to gain insight into the population structure and history ofM. caspica. In agreement with a previous study, we found two clusters of mitochondrial haplotypes, with one cluster distributed in the east and the other in the west of the range. However, our microsatellite data suggested a more pronounced geographical structuring. When null alleles were coded as recessive withstructure2.3.2, three clusters were revealed, with one cluster matching roughly the range of the western mitochondrial cluster, and the composite ranges of the two other microsatellite clusters correspond to the distribution of the eastern mitochondrial cluster. Naïvestructureanalyses without correction for null alleles were congruent with respect to the two eastern microsatellite clusters, but subdivided the western cluster into two units, with an additional geographical divide corresponding to the ‘Anatolian diagonal’—a well-known high mountain barrier impeding exchange between western and eastern taxa. In naïve analyses, the westernmost microsatellite cluster (from Central Anatolia) is quite isolated from the others, and its distinctness is also supported by fixation indices resembling the values among the other three clusters. One of the two eastern clusters is distributed in the Caucasus region plus Iran, and terrapins from Saudi Arabia and Bahrain constitute the second eastern cluster, supporting the view that these endangered populations are native. Coalescent-based analyses of our microsatellite data reveal for all four clusters bottlenecks 4,000–20,000 years ago, suggesting that climatic fluctuations of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene played an important role in shaping current genetic diversity. We propose that each of the four identified clusters, including the Central Anatolian one, should be treated as a distinct management unit. The presence of non-native terrapins in the animal trade of Bahrain highlights the danger of genetic pollution of the endangered Arabian populations. Further sampling is needed to elucidate the situation in southern and central Iran and Iraq. Our results confirm that genetic data do not support the validity of any of the three morphologically defined subspecies ofM. caspica, and we propose that their usage be abandoned.