The Neurophysiology and Treatment of Motion Sickness
The Neurophysiology and Treatment of Motion Sickness
复制标题
DOI：
10.3238/arztebl.2018.0687
复制
发表时间：
2018-10-12
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Kuhtz-Buschbeck, Johann Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koch, Andreas;Cascorbi, Ingolf;Kuhtz-Buschbeck, Johann Peter
背景：晕船和晕车是典型的运动疾病类型。现代模拟系统和虚拟现实表示也可以引发类似的症状。这种表现可以通过多种措施来缓解或预防。方法：本综述基于 PubMed 搜索检索到的相关出版物，特别关注临床试验和评论文章。结果：个体对自主神经症状的易感性各不相同，从疲劳到大量呕吐，这些症状是在没有任何视觉参考水平面的情况下由相对较低频率（0.2 至 0.4 Hz）的被动运动引起的。年轻人和女性被认为更容易受到影响，双胞胎研究也揭示了遗传因素。感觉间冲突模型充分解释了各种类型的晕动病，该模型结合了前庭、视觉和本体感觉系统，并扩展到包括考虑姿势不稳定性和耳石器官的不对称性。东莨菪碱和 H1-抗组胺药，如茶苯海明和桂利嗪，可用作药物治疗。通过长时间暴露的习惯或减少前庭刺激也可以缓解症状。结论：各种类型的晕动病都可以通过减轻感觉冲突、行为改变和药物等一般措施来治疗。
Background: Seasickness and travel sickness are classic types of motion illness. Modern simulation systems and virtual reality representations can also induce comparable symptoms. Such manifestations can be alleviated or prevented by various measures.Methods: This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a PubMed search, with special attention to clinical trials and review articles.Results: Individuals vary in their susceptibility to autonomic symptoms, ranging from fatigue to massive vomiting, induced by passive movement at relatively low frequencies (0.2 to 0.4 Hz) in situations without any visual reference to the horizontal plane. Younger persons and women are considered more susceptible, and twin studies have revealed a genetic component as well. The various types of motion sickness are adequately explained by the intersensory conflict model, incorporating the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems and extended to include consideration of postural instability and asymmetry of the otolith organs. Scopolamine and H1-antihistamines, such as dimenhydrinate and cinnarizine, can be used as pharmacotherapy. The symptoms can also be alleviated by habituation through long exposure or by the diminution of vestibular stimuli.Conclusion: The various types of motion sickness can be treated with general measures to lessen the intersensory conflict, behavioral changes, and drugs.