Alcoholism effects on social migration and neighborhood effects on alcoholism over the course of 12 years
Alcoholism effects on social migration and neighborhood effects on alcoholism over the course of 12 years
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00449.x
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Zucker, Robert A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buu, Anne;Mansour, MaryAnn;Zucker, Robert A.
背景资料：虽然一个短期的影响，个人酗酒的邻里特征已被证明由准实验性的住宅流动性研究，酒精问题的参与对居住地和住宅特征的影响还没有研究。我们测试了酗酒对居住地的影响，我们也试图复制邻里酗酒的影响。方法：206名白人男性（平均年龄为33岁），通过对酒后驾驶犯罪的法庭记录搜索和挨家挨户的游说，在4个县范围内系统地招募了酗酒者，并以3年的时间间隔进行了随访，对酗酒的过程和结果进行了前瞻性研究。参与者的酒精中毒诊断是由半结构化诊断访谈。对基线和12年随访时的居住地址进行地理编码。相应的人口普查区变量被用作邻里居住特征的指标。结果如下：回归分析表明，一个人的酒精问题越多，他就越有可能留在或迁移到一个弱势社区。只有当一些相关的混杂变量，包括初始水平的社会经济地位，年龄，反社会行为学，和配偶酒精使用障碍的状态在基线控制时，这种影响是明显的。处于缓解期的酗酒者倾向于居住在居民特征与非酗酒者没有区别的社区。然而，未被治愈的酗酒者倾向于留在或迁移到更贫困的社区。结论：酗酒对居住地有长期的负面影响;涉及搬到或留在弱势社区的可能性增加。从酗酒中恢复过来，一方面可以防止社会地位下降，另一方面也有利于社会状况的改善。
Background: Although a short-term effect of neighborhood characteristics on individual alcohol abuse has been demonstrated by a quasi-experimental residential mobility study, the obversed effect of alcohol problem involvement on place of residence and residential character has not been studied. We test the alcoholism effect on place of residence, and we also attempt to replicate the neighborhood-to-alcoholism effect. Methods:A sample of 206 Caucasian men (average age was 33) who were systematically recruited for alcoholism through a court record search of drunk driving offenses and door-to-door canvassing, in a 4-county-wide area were followed up at 3-year intervals in a prospective study of the course and outcomes of alcoholism. Participants' alcoholism diagnoses were made by semistructured diagnostic interviews. Residential addresses at baseline and at 12-year follow-up were geocoded. Corresponding census tract variables were used as indicators of neighborhood residential character. Results: The regression analysis shows that, the more alcohol problems a man has, the more likely he is going to remain in, or migrate into, a disadvantaged neighborhood. This effect is only evident when a number of relevant confounding variables, including initial level of socioeconomic status, age, antisocial symptomatology, and spousal alcohol-use disorder status at baseline are controlled. Alcoholics in remission tended to live in neighborhoods whose residential characteristics were not distinguishable from those of nonalcoholics. Unremitted alcoholics, however, tended to stay in or migrate into more disadvantaged neighborhoods. Conclusion: Alcoholic involvement has long-term negative effects on place of residence; involving an elevated likelihood of moving into or remaining in a disadvantaged neighborhood. Recovery from alcoholism is protective against downward social drift on the one hand, and is favorable to improvement in social conditions on the other.