Isoindigo, a Versatile Electron-Deficient Unit For High-Performance Organic Electronics
Isoindigo, a Versatile Electron-Deficient Unit For High-Performance Organic Electronics
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DOI：
10.1021/cm402219v
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发表时间：
2014-01-14
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
Reynolds, John R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stalder, Romain;Mei, Jianguo;Reynolds, John R.
Isoindigo （iI）已被证明是一种成功的电子接受构件，用于制备有机电子学的电活性材料。它的高产率和可扩展的合成使大量具有显著物理性能的分子和聚合物ii基材料得以快速发展。这一观点概述了等靛蓝的基本特性，并总结了过去3年来各种电子应用新材料的发展进展，特别是有机光伏（opv）和有机场效应晶体管（ofet）。在取代模式效应（5,5′vs 6,6′）对前沿轨道能量和光学性质影响的背景下，讨论了等靛蓝的基本电子性质。研究了opv的6,6'-iI结构分子体系的发展，重点是通过结晶控制对活性层形貌进行微调，从而改善电子性能的分子设计。已经报道了许多iI共聚物，其中既有富电子共聚物，也有贫电子共聚物。等靛蓝均聚物具有电子接受性和电致变色性，可作为富勒烯在全聚合物太阳能电池中的聚合物替代物。共聚物的吸收谱跨越整个可见光谱到近红外光谱，高达900纳米。基于iI共聚物的体积异质结太阳能电池的效率高达6.3%。虽然加工添加剂和电池结构的影响很重要，但iI聚合物独特的电子性质也为与富勒烯共混物中的能量损失提供了有用的见解。所选共聚物在空气稳定场效应晶体管中也表现出色，其p型迁移率超过3cm (2)/(V s)。利用iI型共聚物研究了主链曲率和侧链分支或极性影响的新概念。此外，一些全受体共聚物显示n型迁移率。随着iI材料设计的发展，iI核心的结构修饰出现，目标是双极性电荷传输和增强骨架平面度。总的来说，isoindigo为有机电子学领域提供了令人印象深刻的性能，也为结构性质关系的研究提供了一个有价值的平台。
Isoindigo (iI) has proven successful as an electron-accepting building block for the preparation of electroactive materials for organic electronics. Its high yielding and scalable synthesis has enabled the rapid development of a large number of molecular and polymeric iI-based materials with remarkable physical properties. This perspective provides an overview of the fundamental properties of isoindigo and summarizes the progress in the development of new materials for varied electronic applications during the last 3 years, focusing in particular on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The fundamental electronic properties of isoindigo are discussed in the context of the substitution pattern effect (5,5' vs 6,6') on the frontier orbitals energies and optical properties. The development of molecular systems in the 6,6'-iI configuration for OPVs is examined with an emphasis on molecular design for improved electronic properties thank to fine-tuning of the active layer morphology via crystallization control. Numerous copolymers of iI have been reported, with both electron-rich and electron-poor comonomers. The homopolymer of isoindigo displays electron-accepting and electrochromic properties and serves as a polymeric surrogate for fullerenes in all-polymer solar cells. The copolymers' absorption profiles span the entire visible spectrum into the near-infrared, up to 900 nm. Bulk-heterojunction solar cells based on iI copolymers have reached up to 6.3% efficiency. While the effect of processing additives and cell architecture are important, the unique electronic properties of iI polymers also provide useful insight on energetic losses within blends with fullerenes. Selected copolymers also perform highly in air-stable field effect transistors, with p-type mobilities exceeding 3 cm(2)/(V s). New concepts concerning the effect of backbone curvature and side-chain branching or polarity have been investigated using iI copolymers. Additionally, some all-acceptor copolymers display n-type mobility. As the design of iI materials evolves, structural modifications of the iI core emerge, targeting ambipolar charge transport and enhanced backbone planarity. Overall, isoindigo provides the field of organic electronics with impressive performance as well as a valuable platform for structure property relationship investigation.