Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis
Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis
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星形胶质细胞激活与反应性胶质增生
DOI：
10.1002/glia.20207
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Nilsson, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pekny, M;Nilsson, M
星形胶质细胞在许多中枢神经系统疾病，如中风、创伤、肿瘤生长或神经退行性疾病的反应中被激活(反应)。星形胶质细胞的激活过程仍然是一个谜，并导致所谓的“反应性胶质增生”，这是一种具有特定结构和功能特征的反应。在中风或中枢神经系统损伤中，病变本身、缺血环境、血脑屏障破坏、炎症反应以及代谢、兴奋性毒性和某些情况下的氧化危机--都会影响反应性胶质细胞增生的程度和质量。星形胶质细胞在健康和疾病中都是相互连接的细胞的联合体，而不是单独的细胞，这一事实为这一图景增添了另一个维度。本文就星形胶质细胞活化和反应性胶质增生的几个方面进行综述，并讨论其在中枢神经系统损伤和缺血中的可能作用。特别强调从小鼠遗传模型中学到的教训，在该模型中，星形胶质细胞中缺乏中间丝蛋白导致反应性胶质增生的减弱，具有不同的病理、生理和临床后果。(C)2005年Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Astrocytes become activated (reactive) in response to many CNS pathologies, such as stroke, trauma, growth of a tumor, or neurodegenerative disease. The process of astrocyte activation remains rather enigmatic and results in so-called "reactive gliosis," a reaction with specific structural and functional characteristics. In stroke or in CNS trauma, the lesion itself, the ischemic environment, disrupted blood-brain barrier, the inflammatory response, as well as in metabolic, excitotoxic, and in some cases oxidative crises-all affect the extent and quality of reactive gliosis. The fact that astrocytes function as a syncytium of interconnected cells both in health and in disease, rather than as individual cells, adds yet another dimension to this picture. This review focuses on several aspects of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis and discusses its possible roles in the CNS trauma and ischemia. Particular emphasis is placed on the lessons learnt from mouse genetic models in which the absence of intermediate filament proteins in astrocytes leads to attenuation of reactive gliosis with distinct pathophysiological and clinical consequences. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.