Towards conserving natural diversity: A biotic inventory by observations, specimens, DNA barcoding and high-throughput sequencing methods
Towards conserving natural diversity: A biotic inventory by observations, specimens, DNA barcoding and high-throughput sequencing methods
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DOI：
10.3897/bdj.8.e50124
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发表时间：
2020-02-27
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Stone, Joel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowser, Matthew Lewis;Brassfield, Rebekah;Stone, Joel
基奈国家野生动物保护区被赋予了广泛的保护任务，以保护自然多样性。实现这一目的的先决条件是能够识别构成生物多样性的物种和群落。我们在阿拉斯加基奈半岛斯利科克溪流域的 938 公顷研究区域的 40 个地点的网格上测试了一套不同的植物、鸟类和陆生无脊椎动物清查和监测方法。我们通过观察和基于标本的方法对植物和地衣进行取样。我们通过在可变圆形地块上进行鸟鸣调查来调查鸟类。我们通过扫网采样对陆地节肢动物进行采样，并使用高通量测序方法处理样本。我们使用热芥末提取方法对蚯蚓进行了调查，并通过形态学和 DNA 条形码鉴定了蠕虫标本。我们使用聚类方法和非度量多维标度检查了群落成员资格。我们记录了 984 个物种和分子操作分类单位的总共 4,764 次出现：87 种维管植物、51 种苔藓、12 种地钱、111 种地衣、43 种脊椎动物、663 种节肢动物、9 种软体动物和 8 种环节动物。在这些记录中，有 102 种节肢动物物种似乎是阿拉斯加的新记录。我们发现了三种非本地物种：Deroceras agreste（Linnaeus，1758）（Stylommatophora：Agriolimacidae）、Dendrobaena Octedra（Savigny，1826）（Crassiclitellata：Lumbricidae）和Heterarthrus nemoratus（Fallen，1808）（膜翅目：Tenthredinidae）。 D.八叶藻和H.nemoratus 都是在远离明显人类干扰的地点发现的。这 40 个地点被分为五个群落组：高地混交林、黑云杉林、开放落叶林、灌木莎草沼泽和柳树。我们证明，至少对于可以使用这些方法检测到的物种子集，我们能够以一种可以有效重复的方式记录当前的物种分布和组合，以便进行生物监测。虽然我们的方法可以改进，并且可以添加其他方法和组，但我们的技术组合产生了实现基奈国家野生动物保护区广泛保护目的所需的大部分数据。
The Kenai National Wildlife Refuge has been given a broad conservation mandate to conserve natural diversity. A prerequisite for fulfilling this purpose is to be able to identify the species and communities that make up that biodiversity.We tested a set of varied methods for inventory and monitoring of plants, birds and terrestrial invertebrates on a grid of 40 sites in a 938 ha study area in the Slikok Creek watershed, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We sampled plants and lichens through observation and specimen-based methods. We surveyed birds using bird call surveys on variable circular plots. We sampled terrestrial arthropods by sweep net sampling, processing samples with High Throughput Sequencing methods. We surveyed for earthworms, using the hot mustard extraction method and identified worm specimens by morphology and DNA barcoding. We examined community membership using clustering methods and Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling.We documented a total of 4,764 occurrences of 984 species and molecular operational taxonomic units: 87 vascular plants, 51 mosses, 12 liverworts, 111 lichens, 43 vertebrates, 663 arthropods, 9 molluscs and 8 annelid worms. Amongst these records, 102 of the arthropod species appeared to be new records for Alaska. We found three non-native species: Deroceras agreste (Linnaeus, 1758) (Stylommatophora: Agriolimacidae), Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny, 1826) (Crassiclitellata: Lumbricidae) and Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallen, 1808) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Both D. octaedra and H. nemoratus were found at sites distant from obvious human disturbance. The 40 sites were grouped into five community groups: upland mixed forest, black spruce forest, open deciduous forest, shrub-sedge bog and willow.We demonstrated that, at least for a subset of species that could be detected using these methods, we were able to document current species distributions and assemblages in a way that could be efficiently repeated for the purposes of biomonitoring. While our methods could be improved and additional methods and groups could be added, our combination of techniques yielded a substantial portion of the data necessary for fulfilling Kenai National Wildlife Refuge's broad conservation purposes.