Apoptosis, neuroprotection, and retinal ganglion cell death: An overview
Apoptosis, neuroprotection, and retinal ganglion cell death: An overview
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DOI：
10.1097/00004397-200101000-00011
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grosskreutz, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Farkas, RH;Grosskreutz, CL
视网膜神经节细胞死亡，临床上被认为是视神经病变，是视力丧失的常见原因，目前的治疗往往是不够的。青光眼是迄今为止最常见的视神经病变，可以通过降低眼内压来减缓，但尽管如此，仍然经常进展。对于大多数其他导致神经节细胞死亡的原因，如创伤或视神经炎，存在较少的治疗选择。近年来，关于细胞死亡的方式出现了两个重要的概念。第一，大多数（如果不是全部的话）哺乳动物细胞可以通过复杂的、活跃的细胞过程死亡，而不仅仅是被动地失去稳态。这种活跃的细胞死亡被称为细胞凋亡。第二个概念是，尽管看似无限的各种各样的损伤可以杀死细胞，但许多最常见的行为是通过类似的最终共同途径。从神经退行性疾病到癌症的新型治疗策略很有希望通过调节细胞凋亡和最终导致细胞凋亡的共同途径来实现，这种希望也延伸到眼科疾病。1-6为了理解神经保护和细胞凋亡调节的治疗前景，我们必须开始简要地重新审视我们对这些过程的基本理解。随着最近关于细胞死亡的知识的爆炸，这些术语本身已经呈现出比生命更大的光环，甚至最基本的定义也在不断发展。
Retinal ganglion cell death, clinically recognized as optic neuropathy, is a common cause of vision loss for which current treatments are often inadequate. Glaucoma, by far the most common optic neuropathy, can be slowed by lowering intraocular pressure but often progresses despite such efforts. Fewer treatment options exist for most other causes of ganglion cell death, such as trauma or optic neuritis. Over recent years, two important concepts have emerged about the way cells die. The first is that most, if not all, mammalian cells can die through complex, active cellular processes rather than simply from a passive loss of homeostasis. Such active cellular death has been termed apoptosis. The second concept is that even though a seemingly infinite variety of insults can kill cells, many of the most common act through similar final common pathways. There is great hope that novel treatment strategies for diseases ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer might arise from modulating apoptosis and the final common pathways that lead to it. This hope extends to ophthalmic diseases as well. 1–6 To understand the therapeutic promise of neuroprotection and modulation of apoptosis, one must begin by briefly reexamining our basic understanding of these processes. With the recent explosion of knowledge about cell death, the terms themselves have taken on a largerthan-life aura, and even the most basic definitions continue to evolve.