Characterizing North Atlantic weather patterns for climate‐optimal aircraft routing
Characterizing North Atlantic weather patterns for climate‐optimal aircraft routing
复制标题
描述北大西洋天气模式以实现气候最佳的飞机航线
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Froemming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Irvine;B. Hoskins;K. Shine;R. Lunnon;C. Froemming
北大西洋的日常天气模式被划分为相关的类型：典型的天气模式，这些天气模式可以表征该地区夏季和冬季航空对气候的影响范围。其动机是提供一组天气类型，以促进对跨大西洋航班的气候最佳飞机航线的调查（最大限度地减少对每个航班的气候影响）。以纽约至伦敦航线为例，时间-最佳航线时间变化超过60分钟，以利用强劲的顺风或避免逆风，并且东行航线的纬度与急流的纬度密切相关。根据其与北大西洋涛动和东大西洋遥相关的相似度，对天气模式进行了分类。对于冬季，定义了五种类型；在夏季，当急流纬度变化较小时，只定义了三种类型。这些类型可以通过喷射强度和位置来表征，因此时间最优路线的位置因类型而异。定义了二氧化碳、臭氧、水蒸气和尾迹对气候影响的简单代用物，这些代用物取决于诸如航线时间、纬度和季节、在平流层飞行的时间以及相对于冰的空气过饱和的距离等参数。然后显示这些代理在天气类型和东行和西行路线之间变化。版权所有©2012英国皇家气象学会
Daily weather patterns over the North Atlantic are classified into relevant types: typical weather patterns that may characterize the range of climate impacts from aviation in this region, for both summer and winter. The motivation is to provide a set of weather types to facilitate an investigation of climate‐optimal aircraft routing of trans‐Atlantic flights (minimizing the climate impact on a flight‐by‐flight basis). Using the New York to London route as an example, the time‐optimal route times are shown to vary by over 60 min, to take advantage of strong tailwinds or avoid headwinds, and for eastbound routes latitude correlates well with the latitude of the jet stream. The weather patterns are classified by their similarity to the North Atlantic Oscillation and East Atlantic teleconnection patterns. For winter, five types are defined; in summer, when there is less variation in jet latitude, only three types are defined. The types can be characterized by the jet strength and position, and therefore the location of the time‐optimal routes varies by type. Simple proxies for the climate impact of carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapour and contrails are defined, which depend on parameters such as the route time, latitude and season, the time spent flying in the stratosphere, and the distance over which the air is supersaturated with respect to ice. These proxies are then shown to vary between weather types and between eastbound and westbound routes. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society