Mapping genome variation of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide highlights the impact of COVID-19 super-spreaders.

Mapping genome variation of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide highlights the impact of COVID-19 super-spreaders.
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DOI:
10.1101/gr.266221.120
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发表时间:
2020-10
期刊:
影响因子:
7
通讯作者:
Salas A
Salas A
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gómez-Carballa A;Bello X;Pardo-Seco J;Martinón-Torres F;Salas A

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人类病原体严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)是21世纪大流行的罪魁祸首。我们分析了从公共资料库中检索到的4700多个SARS-CoV-2基因组和相关的元数据。SARS-CoV-2序列具有很高的序列同源性(~gt;99.9%),与蝙蝠冠状病毒基因组相比下降到>96%。我们建立了一个带有突变注释的参考SARS-CoV-2系统发育图,包括两个主要的宏单倍群A和B,它们都起源于亚洲,以及代表全球不同地理来源的病毒株的160多个子分支,揭示了分支上相当一致的突变发生,这可能对诊断和未来疫苗的设计产生影响。识别SARS-CoV-2基因组的根并不是没有问题,因为要么使用蝙蝠冠状病毒基因组作为外群,要么依赖SARS-CoV-2基因组的采样年表和TMRCA估计,产生了相互矛盾的解释;然而,总体情况有利于单倍组A作为祖先节点。系统发育分析表明,SARS-CoV-2基因组的TMRCA可以追溯到2019年11月12日,因此与流行病学记录相匹配。亚单倍群A2很可能起源于欧洲,起源于亚洲祖先,并产生了亚支A2a,它代表了主要的非亚洲疫情,特别是在非洲和欧洲。多起创始人效应事件,很可能与超级传播者宿主有关,可能在很大程度上解释了新冠肺炎的流行。
The human pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the major pandemic of the twenty-first century. We analyzed more than 4700 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and associated metadata retrieved from public repositories. SARS-CoV-2 sequences have a high sequence identity (>99.9%), which drops to >96% when compared to bat coronavirus genome. We built a mutation-annotated reference SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny with two main macro-haplogroups, A and B, both of Asian origin, and more than 160 sub-branches representing virus strains of variable geographical origins worldwide, revealing a rather uniform mutation occurrence along branches that could have implications for diagnostics and the design of future vaccines. Identification of the root of SARS-CoV-2 genomes is not without problems, owing to conflicting interpretations derived from either using the bat coronavirus genomes as an outgroup or relying on the sampling chronology of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes and TMRCA estimates; however, the overall scenario favors haplogroup A as the ancestral node. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a TMRCA for SARS-CoV-2 genomes dating to November 12, 2019, thus matching epidemiological records. Sub-haplogroup A2 most likely originated in Europe from an Asian ancestor and gave rise to subclade A2a, which represents the major non-Asian outbreak, especially in Africa and Europe. Multiple founder effect episodes, most likely associated with super-spreader hosts, might explain COVID-19 pandemic to a large extent.
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