Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks
Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks
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DOI：
10.1021/acsnano.0c03252
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发表时间：
2020-05-26
期刊：
影响因子：
17.1
通讯作者：
Guha, Supratik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Konda, Abhiteja;Prakash, Abhinav;Guha, Supratik
影响呼吸系统的大流行病的出现可能导致对口罩的大量需求。这包括大部分公众使用布口罩，正如当前COVID-19全球传播期间所见。然而，关于布面具中使用的各种常用织物的性能的知识有限。重要的是，需要评估过滤效率作为10 nm至10 μ m范围内的气溶胶颗粒尺寸的函数，这与呼吸道病毒传播特别相关。我们已经对几种常见的织物进行了这些研究，包括棉、丝、雪纺、法兰绒、各种合成纤维及其组合。虽然当使用单层时，对于各种织物的过滤效率对于300 nm的颗粒尺寸分别在5至80%和5至95%的范围内，但是当使用多层时以及当使用不同织物的特定组合时，效率提高。混合物（如棉-丝、棉-雪纺、棉-法兰绒）的过滤效率>80%（对于颗粒物> 90%（对于颗粒物>300 nm））。我们推测，混合动力车的性能增强可能是由于机械和静电过滤的综合作用。棉花是布面具最广泛使用的材料，在较高的编织密度下性能更好（即，线密度），并且可以在过滤效率上产生显著的差异。我们的研究还表明，间隙（由于面罩的不适当配合而引起）可能导致过滤效率降低60%以上，这意味着未来的布面罩设计研究需要考虑“配合”和泄漏问题，同时允许呼出的空气有效地排出。总的来说，我们发现，布口罩中使用的各种常用织物的组合可以潜在地提供针对气溶胶颗粒传输的显著保护。
The emergence of a pandemic affecting the respiratory system can result in a significant demand for face masks. This includes the use of cloth masks by large sections of the public, as can be seen during the current global spread of COVID-19. However, there is limited knowledge available on the performance of various commonly available fabrics used in cloth masks. Importantly, there is a need to evaluate filtration efficiencies as a function of aerosol particulate sizes in the 10 nm to 10 mu m range, which is particularly relevant for respiratory virus transmission. We have carried out these studies for several common fabrics including cotton, silk, chiffon, flannel, various synthetics, and their combinations. Although the filtration efficiencies for various fabrics when a single layer was used ranged from 5 to 80% and 5 to 95% for particle sizes of 300 nm, respectively, the efficiencies improved when multiple layers were used and when using a specific combination of different fabrics. Filtration efficiencies of the hybrids (such as cotton-silk, cotton-chiffon, cotton-flannel) was >80% (for particles 90% (for particles >300 nm). We speculate that the enhanced performance of the hybrids is likely due to the combined effect of mechanical and electrostatic-based filtration. Cotton, the most widely used material for cloth masks performs better at higher weave densities (i.e., thread count) and can make a significant difference in filtration efficiencies. Our studies also imply that gaps (as caused by an improper fit of the mask) can result in over a 60% decrease in the filtration efficiency, implying the need for future cloth mask design studies to take into account issues of "fit" and leakage, while allowing the exhaled air to vent efficiently. Overall, we find that combinations of various commonly available fabrics used in cloth masks can potentially provide significant protection against the transmission of aerosol particles.