Direct Comparison of Fecal and Gut Microbiota in the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) Discourages Fecal Sampling as a Proxy for Resident Gut Community
Direct Comparison of Fecal and Gut Microbiota in the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) Discourages Fecal Sampling as a Proxy for Resident Gut Community
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-020-01553-2
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发表时间：
2020-07-07
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Ward, J. Evan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Griffin, Tyler W.;Baer, Julia G.;Ward, J. Evan
双壳类具有生态和经济意义，但缺乏有关其相关微生物组的信息。当悬浮液馈线时，双壳类捕获并摄入无数颗粒，并且它们的消化器官具有很高的粒子相关微生物群的吞吐量。为了更好地了解瞬态和常驻微生物群落的补充，需要开发标准方法。例如，粪便采样可以代表肠道微生物组的方便代理，并且简单，无损，并可以随着时间的流逝对个体进行采样。这项研究的目的是评估粪便采样作为蓝贻贝（Mytilus Edulis）中肠道微生物组评估的可靠替代。从自然环境中收集贻贝，并将其放入单个灭菌的微型期定中6小时，以允许粪便。采样了来自同一个体的粪便和肠道匀浆，并进行16S rRNA基因扩增子测序。不同贻贝的粪便群落彼此相似，但不像肠道社区。就扩增子序列变体（ASV）丰富和偶数而言，粪便群落比肠道社区更加多样化。结果表明，粪便微生物群的大多是短暂的性质。尽管如此，贻贝在粪便恩典之后仍然在其肠道中保留了一个独特的居民微生物群落，该群体由属于tomycoplasma的ASV主导。强烈不建议将粪便采样用作无损的替代品来直接采样。旨在研究仅居住双壳类肠道微生物群的实验应在肠道采样之前采用一个时期，以便为瞬态微生物的排效而允许时间。
Bivalves have ecological and economic importance but information regarding their associated microbiomes is lacking. As suspension feeders, bivalves capture and ingest a myriad of particles, and their digestive organs have a high throughput of particle-associated microbiota. To better understand the complement of transient and resident microbial communities, standard methods need to be developed. For example, fecal sampling could represent a convenient proxy for the gut microbiome and is simple, nondestructive, and allows for sampling of individuals through time. The goal of this study was to evaluate fecal sampling as a reliable proxy for gut microbiome assessment in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Mussels were collected from the natural environment and placed into individual sterilized microcosms for 6 h to allow for fecal egestion. Feces and gut homogenates from the same individuals were sampled and subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Fecal communities of different mussels resembled each other but did not resemble gut communities. Fecal communities were significantly more diverse, in terms of amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness and evenness, than gut communities. Results suggested a mostly transient nature for fecal microbiota. Nonetheless, mussels retained a distinct resident microbial community in their gut after fecal egestion that was dominated by ASVs belonging toMycoplasma. The use of fecal sampling as a nondestructive substitute for direct sampling of the gut is strongly discouraged. Experiments that aim to study solely resident bivalve gut microbiota should employ an egestion period prior to gut sampling to allow time for voidance of transient microbes.